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BIOA01H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 29: Eukaryotic Dna Replication, Semiconservative Replication, Base Pair

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8 Nov 2018

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Department

Biological Sciences

Course

Professor

Aarthi Ashok, Shelley Brunt, Mark Fitzpatrick

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BIOA01H3 Full Course Notes

BIOA01H3 Full Course Notes

Document Summary

Buildi(cid:374)g dna: alwa(cid:455)s (cid:271)uilt i(cid:374) the 5" to 3" direction: built with the help of a large family of dna polymerase enzymes, polymerases bring in nucleotide subunits needed to build dna. Incoming nucleotides are accepted only if they are the correct base pair with the template: the 5" high e(cid:374)erg(cid:455) phosphate of the i(cid:374)(cid:272)o(cid:373)i(cid:374)g (cid:374)u(cid:272)leotide is added to the 3" oh at the end of the growing strand. 5" to 3" dire(cid:272)tio(cid:374: lagging strand: primers have to be consecutively added down in order for the. Proof reading: dna polymerase also is able to proof read its work as it operates. If an incoming nucleotide has the correct base = perfect alignment: enables the nucleotide to be added via hydrogen bond. If an incoming nucleotide has the wrong base = alignment is off: polymerase will remove this incorrect nucleotide and replace it, prevents mutations being created every time dna replicates. Dna templates: allows dna polymerase to finish replicating all important genes.

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Related Questions

Question 1

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_____________ are physical microscopicevidence of crossing over.

a. Recombinants

e. DNA double strand breaks

Question 2

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In a 3 point cross, the recombinantphenotypes corresponding to ___________ are the leastfrequent.

a. single crossover events

b. F2 recombinants

c. double crossover events

d. parental recombinants

e. F1 recombinants

Question 3

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You perform a tetrad analysis experiment inNeurospora to determine the position of a single gene (z) relativeto the centromere. You obtained the following numbers of tetradsordered from the top of the ascus to the bottom. What is the mapdistance between the z gene and the centromere in map units? 379 z+z+ z+ z+ z z z z 421 z z z z z+ z+ z+ z+ 65 z z z+ z+ z z z+ z+ 35z+ z+ z z z+ z+ z z 54 z+ z+ z z z z z+ z+ 46 z z z+ z+ z+ z+ z z(Note: if the genotypes don't align well in the online assignment,see the PDF that was uploaded as well)

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Injection of mice with Streptococcuspneumoniae that grow as smooth colonies in culture results in_________.

a. none of the other answers

b. chronic pneumonia

c. no phenotype

d. embryonic lethality

e. death of the mice

Question 5

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The transforming principle studied by Avery,MacLeod, and McCarty could be destroyed or removed by_________.

c. ultracentrifugation

e. shear forces.

Question 6

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The Hershey-Chase Waring blender experimentdetermined that _________________________.

a. bacteriophage replicate by semi-conservativeDNA synthesis.

b. all of the other answers are correct.

c. bacteriophage integrate into the hostgenome, becoming insensitive to external shear forces.

d. radiolabelled bacteriophage DNA enters hostcells during infection but that radiolabelled proteins do not

e. bacteriophage are made up of roughly equalamounts of protein and DNA using radioactive sulphur andphosphorous.

Question 7

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All DNA polymerases synthesyze DNA in a__________.

a. N-terminal to C-terminal direction.

b. 5' to 3' direction.

d. 3' to 5' direction.

e. C-terminal to N-terminal direction.C-terminal to N-terminal direction.

Question 8

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Meselson and Stahl used a _______ isotope of____________ to disprove the conservative and dispersive models ofDNA replication.

a. heavy, sulphur

b. radioactive, nitrogen

c. heavy, nitrogen

d. radioactive, sulphur

e. radioactive, phosphate

Question 9

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DNA replication is initiated at________________ of replication.

a. semi-conservative sites

d. bidirectional sites

e. termination sites

Question 10

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In bacteria, initiation of DNA replicationrequires ____________________.

a. primase to synthesize a short DNAprimer.

b. nuclear DNA binding proteins.

c. a replication fork.

d. a terminal 3'OH group on DNA.

e. primase to synthesize a short RNAprimer.

Question 11

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DMC1 protein facilitates strand invasionduring _______.

a. double strand break repair.

b. resolution of holliday junctions.

c. branch migration.

d. meiotic recombination.

e. mitotic recombination.

Question 12

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Resolution of holliday junctions in the sameplane results in _______.

a. genetic loss.

b. meiotic crossover.

c. failed crossover.

d. homoduplex formation.

e. bidirectional fork migration.