BIOA01H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Active Transport, Antiporter, Hydrophile

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8 Oct 2017

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Lipids: fatty acids: proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates were defined by their chemical structure, all lipids are hydrophobic, shares common property (hydrophobic) but not a common structure, chemically diverse group. Phospholipids : contains hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions making them amphipathic. Molecule which has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts. Arrangement of phospholipids depend on the size of the head groups. Large heads with one hydrophobic tail form micelles. Lipid molecules arranged in a spherical form when placed in aqueous solutions. If added to a test tube, they form liposomes. Lipids associate with one another by van der waal forces between their fatty acid tails. Due to weak van der waal interactions. Fatty acid chains are able to move. Presence of double bonds between carbon atoms and lengths of the tails affects strength of interactions between fatty acid tails. Greater the number of double bonds weaken strength of tails. Shorter the lengths of the tails weaken strength of tails.

Related Questions

37.The major function of the cell wall is

(A) to facilitate cell divison (B) to serve as a diffusion barrier

(E) to serve as an anchor for proteins

38.Penicillin and vancomycin prevent cross-bridge formation between

(A) diaminopimelic acid and D-glutamic acid (B) L-alanine and D-alanine

(E) D-glutamic acid and D-alanine

39.An outer membrane is found in

(A) all cells (B) all prokaryotes

(E) all Gram-positive bacteria

40.The complex of DNA polymerase with its accessory components is called

(A) nucleoid (B) nucleus

(E) setpum

41.Which of the following is the bacterial homolog of tubulin?

(A) FtsZ (B) MreB

(E) MinD

42.Which of the following is an actin homolog that helps maintain cell shape?

(A) FtsZ (B) MreB

(E) MinD

43.Which of the following is least involved in photosynthesis?

(A) phycobilisomes (B) thylakoids

(E) stalks

44.Capsule is composed of

(A) nucleic acids (B) lipoproteins

(E) murein

45.Pili and fimbriae are composed of

(A) nucleic acids (B) lipopolysaccharides

(E) amino acids

46.Which of the following subcellular structures is involved in adherence?

(A) gas vesicles (B) storage granules

(E) phycobilisomes

47.As temperatures drop, membrane fluidity decreases. Which of the following changes to phospholipids will help maintain correct bacterial membrane fluidity under cold temperatures?

(A) Formation of lipid monolayer.

(B) An increase in the length of the fatty acid tails.

(D) An increase in saturated fatty acids.

(E) A switch from ester linkages between fatty acids and glycerol to ether linkages.

48.Which of the following statements regarding chemotaxis is true?

(A) Attractants cause counterclockwise rotation of the flagella that makes the cells tumble

(B) Attractants cause clockwise rotation of the flagella that makes the cells run

(D) Attractants cause clockwise rotation of the flagella that makes the cells tumble

(E) None of the above is true.

49.With 5 g of NaCl available, how much water is needed to make a solution at a concentration of 10 mg/mL?

(A) 0.5 mL (B) 5 mL

(E) 5 L

50.How much of 1 M glucose stock solution is needed to make a 500-mL solution containing 25 mM glucose?

(A) 12.5 Î¼L (B) 125 Î¼L

(E) 1.25 L

I have this questions for my homework i need help with them look please it is important i need help so please give me the correct answers for each question and also please be clear to understand and aslo be correct it is very important becuase i need them so i really need the right answers. please help me and on Questions 6 and 9 please help me with it hope you can help me with the correct answers please

Question 5

At a constant temperature, if you increase the number of unsaturated fatty acid chains in the phospholipid, the membrane will become......

less fluid

more fluid

fluidity will be unchanged

Question 6

Bacteria in a hot spring at 80 degrees celsius would be expected to have ______________ in their cell membrane

high proportions of saturated phospholipids

high proportions of unsaturated phospholipids

an equal ratio of saturated to unsaturated phospholipid

Question 7

Membrane proteins have an important role in membrane fluidity

True

False

Question 8

The HIV virus can't attach to cells that have a mutation in the CCR5 gene and so such individuals are resistant to HIV. What population of people have a higher incidence of the mutant CCR5 gene and why?

europeans because their ancestors survived the bubonic plague

North Americans because their ancestors survived small pox

europeans because they have a longer evolutionary past with HIV

Africans because they have a longer evolutionary past with HIV

Question 9

Nematode trapping fungi have ______________ molecules called ______________ that recognize specific carbohydrates on the surface of the nematode worms. This is how a fungus can recognize that its prey, the nematode worm, has wriggled into the loop. Write two words on lowercase separated by a space with no other syntax

Question 10

Diffusion requires energy

True

False

Question 11

The net direction of molecule movement when molecules diffuse is

down their concentration gradient

random directions

Question 12

In osmosis, water molecules from a solution of higher solute concentration cross a semi-permeable membrane into a solution of lower solute concentration?

True

False

Question 13

Which best defines osmosis?

In osmosis, water from a solution of lower solute concentration move across a semi-permeable membrane into a solution of higher solute concentration?

In osmosis, water from a solution of higher solute concentration move across a semi-permeable membrane into a solution of lower solute concentration?

Question 14

Animal cells placed into a hypotonic solution would most likely?

lyse (burst)

shrink

remain unchanged in size

Question 15

Glucose and amino acids move into cells via carrier proteins, the same protein can move glucose or amino acids

True

False

Question 16

ATP powered pumps move substances into and out of cells by diffusion?

True

False

Question 17

For every 3 Na ions moved out, 2 K ions are moved into a cell by one cycle of the sodium-potassium pump.

True

False

Question 18

Bulk transport of fluid and any of the substances within that fluid is called

pinocytosis

phagocytosis

receptor-mediated endocytosis

exocytosis

Question 5

At a constant temperature, if you increase the number of unsaturated fatty acid chains in the phospholipid, the membrane will become......

less fluid

more fluid

fluidity will be unchanged

Question 6

Bacteria in a hot spring at 80 degrees celsius would be expected to have ______________ in their cell membrane

high proportions of saturated phospholipids

high proportions of unsaturated phospholipids

an equal ratio of saturated to unsaturated phospholipid

Question 7

Membrane proteins have an important role in membrane fluidity

True

False

Question 8

europeans because their ancestors survived the bubonic plague

North Americans because their ancestors survived small pox

europeans because they have a longer evolutionary past with HIV

Africans because they have a longer evolutionary past with HIV

Question 9

Question 10

Diffusion requires energy

True

False

Question 11

The net direction of molecule movement when molecules diffuse is

down their concentration gradient

random directions

Question 12

In osmosis, water molecules from a solution of higher solute concentration cross a semi-permeable membrane into a solution of lower solute concentration?

True

False

Question 13

Which best defines osmosis?

In osmosis, water from a solution of lower solute concentration move across a semi-permeable membrane into a solution of higher solute concentration?

In osmosis, water from a solution of higher solute concentration move across a semi-permeable membrane into a solution of lower solute concentration?

Question 14

Animal cells placed into a hypotonic solution would most likely?

lyse (burst)

shrink

remain unchanged in size

Question 15