SOC222H5 Lecture Notes - Frequency Distribution, Null Hypothesis, Sampling Distribution
Document Summary
Terms to know statistical significance significance level research hypothesis null hypothesis type i error type ii error chi-square expected frequencies observed frequencies (counts) degrees of freedom. Procedure #2: statistical significance: answer to this question: statistical significance of the relationship. The logic of hypothesis testing: two groups are different. Or: two variables are related research hypothesis. With statistics, you can"t show something is true. So: we create an opposite hypothesis, and we try to disprove that, null hypothesis. Kranzler, p. 105-106: null hypotheses state that nothing is happening: purely by chance. In particular, any differences or relationship you find in your sample is. If we can disprove the null hypothesis, they we have support for our research hypothesis. We conclude there"s a relationship in the population when there really isn"t. type i error: we estimate the probability of making a type 1 error. If this probability is low: we say the relationship has statistical significance.
