RLG205H5 Lecture : RLG205 - Lecture 2

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scarletllama3

27 Sep 2011

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Atropiculus - west of city: had large assembly halls for major ceremonies- so some sort of religions must have been practices. Great bath" indicates elaborate water supply system: the archeological strata of the remains indicate different eras lower valley. 2300 2000 bc: was at its peak during this time, the script on some of the seals but not enough evidence for text to be deciphered. One major hypothesis dravidian hypothesis" the language, although cannot decipher it, must have been dravidian language: dravidian south indian languages ex. Indo- european languages are latin, greek, and sanskrit (structurally: sanskrit has a lot of south qualities. Retro-flexes ( and dravidian lang has a lot of this) So dravidian has a mixture of european and indian. Another hypothesis no language languages: the signs on the seals don"t rep sounds not language. Influence of dravidian culture on later cultures source of innovation. In vedic religions no moksha (rebirth) either live/die.

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Case Study #2

WHO OWNS THE ART ANYWAY?

* Moscow recently announced that the so-called Priam's Treasure (which was excavated on the site of ancient Troy between 1873 and 1890 by the German amateur archaeologist Heinrich Schlieman and then looted by the Red Army from Nazi Germany) is still in Russia at the Pushkin Museum and went on public view in early 1996, for the first time since the Second World War.

The public admission by Moscow of the Treasure's existence raises questions about the 30,000 to 100,000 other stolen works of art that the German embassy in Moscow estimates are still in Russian Hands. Whose property are they? The Germans say they are stolen and should be returned. The Russians say the Germans stole thousands of artifacts during the occupation of the Soviet Union, many of which have been disbursed into private and public collections in Europe and the United States and are impossible to trace. The Russians state that while many journalists call it theft, it is really reparation for the damages inflicted on their country in World War ll.

How can one argue with that, given the loss of millions of Russian lives during the long war and the flagrant and wanton destruction of the Russian Royal palaces during the retreat of the Germans from Leningrad (now St. Petersburg)? Who has the moral high ground here? Who has the right to the property now, 50 years after the war? Whose property is it anyway?

If the treasures had been excavated under today's standards, the Treasure would have had to remain in Turkey. It would never have gotten to Germany in the first place. Shouldn't the Turks be brought into the negotiations between the Germans and the Russians since they could have a claim on the objects taken to Germany by Schlieman 50 years before?

* What about the heirs of Frank Calvert, the British field archaeologist and diplomat, who preceded Heinrich Schlieman as excavator of Troy? They are planning to file a claim to a portion of Schlieman's Trojan treasures that were found on his land in Hisarlik, Turkey. Frank Calvert owned the eastern half of the Hisarlik mound, site of the ancient city, and the Turkish government the western half. If during the 1873-90, excavations, Schlieman recovered artifacts on Calvert's land, Calvert's heirs might have a basis for claiming a share.

In the morality of determining ownership of archeological materials, who has priority: the country of possession or the country of origin? Modern day Turkey would have a tough claim to make if it said it and Ancient Troy are in any way one and the same.

If the country of possession should have priority, then wouldn't Russia have just as much of a claim as Germany since it has possession and promises to exhibit it in 1996?

IF YOU ARE THE JUDGE, WHAT HAPPENS TO THE TREASURE?

viridianweasel783

1. We compared 282 randomly chosenpolymorphic PCR-based DNA markers in three plant species of thesame genus, Amaranthus cruentus, A. caudatus, andA. hypochondriacus. These three species are difficult toclassify morphologically. We found that A. hypochondriacusand A. caudatus had 137 markers in common (i.e. 145markers differed genetically when the two species were compared),A. hypochondriacus and A. cruentus had 73 markersin common, and A. caudatus and A. cruentus had 72markers in common. According to this analysis, which twospecies are most closely related?

2. The interfertility of the samethree species of Amaranthus described above in problem #1was tested. Large number of F1 hybrids between A.hypochondriacus and A. cruentus could be producedwhen the two

species were hybridized. Thesehybrids had low pollen fertility. Attempts to hybridize A.caudatus and A. cruentus generated only a few F1plants most of which died asseedlings. The few survived were sterile.

According to this analysis,which two species are most closely related? How does thisinformation correspond with the information in problem #1? Whattypes of reproductive isolation are evident from thisinformation?

8. The three species ofAmaranthus described in problems #5 and #6 were cultivatedas food crops by ancient American civilizations. They do not growwell as wild plants. A. hypochondriacus was grownanciently from the southwestern United States into central Mexico.A. cruentus was grown anciently in northern and centralMexico (where its cultivation overlapped that of A.hypochondriacus) into Central America. Ancient cultivation ofA. caudatus was confined to the Andes mountains of SouthAmerica. What does the information from questions #1 and #2suggest about the geographical dispersal of these three species ofAmaranthus?

Please answer ALL THREE questionscompletely and I will be sure to "thumbs up" your response! Thankyou!

ochrealligator828

Hemoglobin Cowtown

Over a thousand different human hemoglobin variants are known.Many have altered function. Hemoglobin variants have historicallybeen names for the city in which they were identified. One exampleis hemoglobin Cowtown (Ft. Worth, Texas). Here is an abridgedversion of the original case report for this particular variant(Schneider et al. (1979) Am J Clin Pathol 72:1028-1032). The A4post quiz is based on this report.

A 20 year old white male travelled from Fort Worth to DenverColorado, on vacation. Shortly after disembarking from theaircraft, he experienced a sever throbbing headache, which was notrelieved by analgesics, and which became so unbearable that he andhis family decided to return home the following day. To thepatient's surprise, after several hours in the pressurizedairliner, the headache subsided. Upon his return to Fort Worth, hisfamily physician admitted him to the hospital forinvestigation.

The results of the physical examination were not remarkable, butthe hematologic findings indicated erthrocytosis (increased redblood cells). Other laboratory data showing the following:

Arterial blood pH	7.39
pCO2	102 torr
pO2	37 torr
Total blood volume	elevated
Packed erythrocyte volume	elevated

Electrophoresis (proteins moving through a gel according totheir net charge in the presence of an electric current) at pH 8.5showed normal pattern for hemoglobin, but analysis at pH 6 revealeda hemoglobin chain with abnormal mobility. Further testingdetermined a single His -> Leu substitution in shift for HbCowtown relative to normal Hb A. The Bohr effect (a measure of theinfluence of pH on oxygen affinity) was only half the normalvalue

QUESTION 3: The mutation in Hb Cowtown results in severeimpairment of the Bohr effect, yet does not alter the equilibriumbetween the R and T states. This is surprising since thecarboxyl-terminal residue His B146 is clearly invalid instabilization of the T state. Deduce the allosteric roles of eachionizable group in the C terminal residue.

His B146 alpha carboxyl	Answer choices: None, T state stabilization, R statestabilization, Bohr effect
His B146 imidazole	Answer choices: None, T state stabilization, R statestabilization or Bohr effect
His B146 alpha amine	Answer choices: None, T state stabilization, R statestabilization or Bohr effect

silverkangaroo356

RLG205H5 Lecture : RLG205 - Lecture 2

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