ENV100Y5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 48: Negative Feedback, Lieu-Dit, Positive Feedback
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Env100y5- lecture 48- the climate system and climate change: (continuation) Proxy indicators: controlled by or mimic climate, and substitute for direct measurements. Short-term climate proxies: human records of events or processes that are controlled by climate. Longer-term climate proxies: fossil assemblages, annual growth layers, climate-controlled variations in the composition of groundwater in acquifers, deep-sea sediments, shells of marine organisms, natural processes cause stable isotopes to become separated or fractionated, and differentially concentrated. Globally cold year: more light water locked up in ice caps, so ocean water starts out heavier (+) Globally warm year: more light water released from ice caps, so ocean water starts out lighter (-) Another fundamentally important tool for climate study. General circulation models (gcms: 3-d mathematical models of climate system, link atmospheric, oceanographic, hydrospheric, and biospheric processes with geography and altitude.
