ENV100Y5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Hand-Pollination, Svalbard Global Seed Vault, Crop Trust

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28 Jun 2018
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Module 3: June 4-June 15
Date: Thursday, June 7
SESSION 27: AGRICULTURE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (II)
Readings: Chapter 8
Livestock’s Long Shadow
Livestock production accounts for 70% of all agricultural land and 30% of land surface of
Earth
“The livestock sector emerges as one of the top 2 or 3 most significant contributors to
the most serious environmental problems, at every scale from local to global”
70% of previously forested land in Amazon is now pasture for livestock
Livestock are responsible for 18% of greenhouse gas emissions (more than transport
sector)
Rates of atmospheric N deposition correspond to areas of intense livestock farming
Greenhouse gases are huge, cows produce a lot of greenhouse gases
Largest source of water pollution (wastes, antibiotics and hormones; fertilizers and
pesticides for feedcrops; sediment from eroded pastures; chemical from tanneries)
In US: 55% of erosion and sediment;
37% of pesticide use:
50% of antibiotic use;
33% of N and P loading of freshwater systems
Our food choices are also energy, water, and land-use choices
90% of energy is lost every time energy moves from one trophic level to the next
The lower on the food chain we eat, the more people Earth can support
Meat is much less energetically efficient than grain as a source of food calories
“...environmental damage by livestock may be significantly reduced by lowering
excessive consumption of livestock products among wealthy people.” (FAO)
Increased Meat Consumption has Led to Feedlot Agriculture
Feedlots = huge warehouses deliver energy-rich food to animals living at extremely high
population densities
“Factory farms”
Over half other world’s pork and poultry come from feedlots, and much of the beef
CAFO = concentrated animal feeding operation
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO)
“A production process that concentrates large numbers of animals in relatively small and
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ENV100Y5 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary

Livestock production accounts for 70% of all agricultural land and 30% of land surface of. The livestock sector emerges as one of the top 2 or 3 most significant contributors to the most serious environmental problems, at every scale from local to global . 70% of previously forested land in amazon is now pasture for livestock. Livestock are responsible for 18% of greenhouse gas emissions (more than transport sector) Rates of atmospheric n deposition correspond to areas of intense livestock farming. Greenhouse gases are huge, cows produce a lot of greenhouse gases. Largest source of water pollution (wastes, antibiotics and hormones; fertilizers and pesticides for feedcrops; sediment from eroded pastures; chemical from tanneries) In us: 55% of erosion and sediment; 33% of n and p loading of freshwater systems. Our food choices are also energy, water, and land-use choices. 90% of energy is lost every time energy moves from one trophic level to the next.

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