ENV100Y5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Hand-Pollination, Svalbard Global Seed Vault, Crop Trust
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Module 3: June 4-June 15
Date: Thursday, June 7
SESSION 27: AGRICULTURE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (II)
Readings: Chapter 8
Livestock’s Long Shadow
● Livestock production accounts for 70% of all agricultural land and 30% of land surface of
Earth
● “The livestock sector emerges as one of the top 2 or 3 most significant contributors to
the most serious environmental problems, at every scale from local to global”
● 70% of previously forested land in Amazon is now pasture for livestock
● Livestock are responsible for 18% of greenhouse gas emissions (more than transport
sector)
Rates of atmospheric N deposition correspond to areas of intense livestock farming
● Greenhouse gases are huge, cows produce a lot of greenhouse gases
● Largest source of water pollution (wastes, antibiotics and hormones; fertilizers and
pesticides for feedcrops; sediment from eroded pastures; chemical from tanneries)
● In US: 55% of erosion and sediment;
● 37% of pesticide use:
● 50% of antibiotic use;
● 33% of N and P loading of freshwater systems
Our food choices are also energy, water, and land-use choices
● 90% of energy is lost every time energy moves from one trophic level to the next
● The lower on the food chain we eat, the more people Earth can support
Meat is much less energetically efficient than grain as a source of food calories
● “...environmental damage by livestock may be significantly reduced by lowering
excessive consumption of livestock products among wealthy people.” (FAO)
Increased Meat Consumption has Led to Feedlot Agriculture
● Feedlots = huge warehouses deliver energy-rich food to animals living at extremely high
population densities
● “Factory farms”
● Over half other world’s pork and poultry come from feedlots, and much of the beef
● CAFO = concentrated animal feeding operation
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO)
● “A production process that concentrates large numbers of animals in relatively small and
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Document Summary
Livestock production accounts for 70% of all agricultural land and 30% of land surface of. The livestock sector emerges as one of the top 2 or 3 most significant contributors to the most serious environmental problems, at every scale from local to global . 70% of previously forested land in amazon is now pasture for livestock. Livestock are responsible for 18% of greenhouse gas emissions (more than transport sector) Rates of atmospheric n deposition correspond to areas of intense livestock farming. Greenhouse gases are huge, cows produce a lot of greenhouse gases. Largest source of water pollution (wastes, antibiotics and hormones; fertilizers and pesticides for feedcrops; sediment from eroded pastures; chemical from tanneries) In us: 55% of erosion and sediment; 33% of n and p loading of freshwater systems. Our food choices are also energy, water, and land-use choices. 90% of energy is lost every time energy moves from one trophic level to the next.
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