SOC 1101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Deductive Reasoning, Inductive Reasoning, Dependent And Independent Variables
3 Jun 2016
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Five ways of knowing the world: personal experience b. tradition c. authority d. religion e. science. Science elements: empirical: knowledge is best gained by direct, systematic observation, scientific knowledge is systematic and public, self-correction by creating hypotheses and then testing them. Hypotheses = tentative statements of the relationship btw. two+ concepts or variables: objective: that biases and values do not affect their research. Theory and research cycle- relationship between theory and research has been described as a continuous cycle: deductive approach = begins with a theory and uses research to test the theory. 2. inductive approach, the researcher collects data and generates theories from the analysis of that data. Deductive reasoning = moves from the general to the specific. Inductive reasoning = moves from the particular to the general. > scientific inquiry alternates btw. the inductive and the deductive logical modes of reasoning theory = systematic explanation for the observations that relate to a particular aspect of life (explains our observations)
