PSY 3121 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Stereotype Threat, Prenatal Hormones And Sexual Orientation, Observer-Expectancy Effect
6 Feb 2019
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Cognitive abilities: prevailing view, 19th 20th centuries, women were not as intelligent as men. Intelligence testing: 1916: terman adapts stanford-binet intelligence test for use in us, found no gender differences, contrasted the societal assumption of women"s intellectual inferiority. Weschler scales: assess a range of abilities, women score higher on verbal subtests, men score higher on performance subtests. Thus, it is important that we evaluate this research carefully. Verbal performance: girls and women have a small advantage. On average, girls talk earlier than boys and develop larger vocabularies and better grammar than boys: there is some evidence that girls/women more easily adopt a second language compared to boys/men (payne & lynn, 2011). In an older meta-analysis of 165 studies that evaluated verbal ability, a very small effect emerged (d = . 11), in the direction of women outperforming men (hyde & linn, 1988). The investigators examined several types of verbal ability, including vocabulary, analogies, reading comprehension, and essay writing.
