PHI 2396 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Moral Realism, John Stuart Mill, Moral Relativism
14 Feb 2018
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General ethical theories and principles: right and wrong (good and bad) depends upon how we feel about something, (cid:862)feels right(cid:863, non-cognitivist, known as ethical non-cognitivism, not based on rational principles. Argues that if people agree on something, then it must be true. Believing that one is right does not necessarily make one right: every individual or a group has their own values and understanding of what is right and wrong. It quantifies the good/happiness instead: different types of utilitarianisms depending on the definition of good/bad, how we identify this good or bad, and how to apply the principle of utility. Hedonistic: defines the good in terms of material well-being or pleasure. Ideal: good consists in the attainment of certain ideals. Mixed: good is really a combination of several of these goods. 6 7 (ethical theory case: utilitarianism focus on the outcomes/consequences of a moral act.
