PHI 2174 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Ingroups And Outgroups, Ethnocentrism, Tral
5 Jul 2016
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(2) folkways: a study of the sociological importance of usages, manners, customs, Definition and mode of origin of the folkways. The first task of life is to live. People have necessities and needs that require satisfaction, and it is through guiding instincts that have been inherited that these needs are satisfied; the method is that of trial and failure, which produces repeated pain, loss, and disappointment. The struggle to maintain existence was carried on, not individually, but in groups. Each profited by the other"s experience; hence there was concurrence towards that which proved to be most expedient. All at last adopted the same way for the same purpose; hence the ways turned into customs and became mass phenomena. The young learn them by tradition, imitation, and authority. Folkways provide for all the needs of life and are uniform, universal in the group, imperative, and invariable; as time goes on, they become more and more arbitrary, positive, and imperative.
