PHI 1101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Deductive Reasoning, Logical Connective, Logical Form
10 Dec 2016
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Deductive arguments do not depend upon facts or new scientific discoveries to work. Deductive reasoning works in much the same way: all information needed for the argument is. Analytic definitions: tautological and yet useful. (cid:498)bachelors are unmarried men(cid:499) Aristotle: (cid:523)plato"s student(cid:524) called deductive arguments as (cid:498)syllogisms(cid:499) (cid:523)inferences(cid:524) To deduce, thoughts are (cid:498)lead(cid:499) into a predetermined path of reasoning, called logical thinking. Deductive arguments: if the premises were factually true, they guarantee the truth of the conclusion. The premises and conclusions do not have to be factually true. About structure/form of the argument, not the content of the premises. Truth-functional statements (capable of being true or false) include logical operators. Eg: i am a sick man and i am a spiteful man: conjunction: joins together distinct thoughts; (cid:498)and(cid:499)/(cid:499)but(cid:499) )t doesn"t matter which side of the conjunction we place the conjuncts: disjunction: connects distinct thoughts in a disjoint way; (cid:498)either or(cid:499)/(cid:498)or(cid:499)
