HSS 3305 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Bicuspid Aortic Valve, Aortic Stenosis, Valvular Heart Disease
28 Nov 2016
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Pulmonary circulation: picks up oxygen, discards carbon dioxide. Systemic circulation (including coronary circulation): carries oxygen and nutrients to all active cells and transports wastes to kidneys, liver, and skin for excretion. Damaged vales by rheumatic fever or other causes. Narrowing of peripheral arterioles, high pressure pumping, high resistance. Be familiar with the normal anatomy of the heart and how it is altered in anomalies. Be aware of the conductive properties of the heart. Defect in heart impairs ability to pump blood. Abnormalities defective partitions between chambers, malformed cardiac valves, large vessels entering/leaving heart may not be positioned correctly. Faulty pump construction actual defect in heart structure. Examples: down syndrome, tetralogy of fallot, german measles infection during early fetal development. Ventricle: position of the aorta is slightly wrong (overriding aorta) Genes implicated: jag1, nkx2-5, zfpm2, vegf, chromosome 22 deletions. Vascular endothelial growth factor-a (aka vegf: also vegf-b, -c and d, viral vegfs (vegf-e) and snake venom vegfs (vegf-f)
