GEO 1111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Kimberlite, Laterite, Igneous Rock

• School: University of Ottawa
• Department: Geology
• Course: GEO 1111
• Professor: Donald Cummings

Document Summary

Lec 12 - feb 29 - economic geology. In n. a each person uses about 20 000kg/yr of crushed rock, cement, sand, oil, coal, other mined commodities. 54 billion tonnes of material dug out of earth/year. Copper and gold - first thing that was extracted. In the crust : geochemically scarce (concentrations less than 0. 1 wt%) Atoms of metals such as nickel, cobalt, copper substitute form more common atoms in rock- forming minerals. Other elements can"t be substituted, because of atomic radius. Rarely occur alone, usually are mixed with other non-valuable minerals : gangue. 3. concentration by precipitation from modified sea water to form sedimentary mineral deposits. 4. concentration by flowing surface water in streams or along the shore - form placers. 5. concentratio by weathering processes to form residual mineral deposits. Mineral deposits are found in a variety of plate tectonic settings. Different elements/metals enriched in dif types of magma.