ENG 1131 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Apa Style
29 Aug 2016
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APA Citations
What needs to be cited?
• YES: Soeoe else’s ords ad ideas-direct quotation
• YES: Soeoe else’s ideas –paraphrase or summary
• YES: Soeoe else’s stats ad data
• YES: The struture ad orgaizatio of soeoe else’s
• Summary of what are established facts, e.g. a Wikipedia entry. The facts may be
established, but the way the’re eig ordered is the riter’s.
Why do I need to cite?
• acknowledges the source
• adds credibility
• allows us to verify the information
• provides additional information
What are the mechanics of the APA style of citation?
• provide an in-tet itatio that gies the author’s last ae, date of puliatio, ad if
relevant, the page number (e.g. a direct quotation)
• use quotation marks if any material (even a phrase) is taken verbatim from your source
• provide a References section at the end of the report which lists all sources consulted
for the paper, whether cited or not
• integrate your citation into the flow of your paragraph and the grammatical structure of
the sentence that introduces it.
How do I integrate research material smoothly and effectively?
1. Provide a introductory context for the material. For example:
• Provide introductory lead-i. Do’t egi paragraphs ith a itatio
• Gie author’s ae ad/or title of soure
• Metio author’s redetials
2. Make your evidence speak! Be sure that you explain how the quotation supports or
illustrates the point being argued. Try this order:
• Claim (e.g. topic sentence)
• Quotation or paraphrase (support)
• Interpretation of quotation to show how it illustrates claim.
Ho do I distiguish etee ideas ad soures’ ideas?
• Markers and signal words
o Markers and signal words help indicate when your ideas begin and end and
he our soure’s ideas egi and end.
o NO: Place an in-text citation at the end of a paragraph that combines your own
ad a soure’s ideas. Whih ideas are ours? Whih are the soure’s?
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