BCH 2333 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Aminoacyl-Trna, Transfer Rna, Reading Frame

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16 Dec 2017

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Ribosomes: composed of ribosomal rna ( ) and protein ( ) - very big: bacterial ribosome: 2500 kda, eukaryotic ribosome: 4300 kda mrna sequences contain codons. Condon = consecutive 3-nucleotides that specify an amino acid trnas (transfer rnas) deliver amino acids to the ribosome - covalently bonded to an aa. Have anti-codons - 3 complementary bases to codon mrna binds ribosome and trnas bind mrna to template protein formation trna cloverleaf form trna ~76 nucleotides - single stranded. Amino acid linked to the 3" end of the trna (aminoacyl-trna) Amino acids added to trna by by aminoacyl-trna syntheses - very selective enzymes. If they make mistakes, proteins will get mutated. Has intramolecular base pairing due to its single stranded nature, forming steps (areas with base pairing) and loops (areas without base pairing) Anti codon is in a loop so that it is free for base pairing.

Related Questions

1. _________________________ is the name of the process that produces proteins using RNA molecules.

a.Transcription

b Translation

c. Replication

d. Mutagenesis

2. The peptide bonding site on the ribosome:

a. A site

b. P site

c. E site

d. D site

3. The name given to the bond formed between two amino acids.

a. Hydrogen bond

b. Double bond

c. Peptide bond

d. Negative bond

4. __________________________ is the movement of the mRNA molecule on the ribosome to open up the A-site for the new incoming amino acid.

a. Transformation

b. Mutation

c. Translocation

d. Initiation

5. What does the term semi-conservative mean.

a. Replication of RNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of RNA and one new strand of RNA.

b. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA.

c. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of new strands of nucleotides.

d. Transcription of RNA is semi conservative.

6. This molecule functions during protein synthesis to recognize the codon and bring the proper amino acid back to the ribosome for translation.

a. mRNA

b. tRNA

c. rRNA

d. DNA polymerase

7. What is meant by the base-pairing rule.

a. Bases on a single strand of DNA are always found as pairs

b. Adenine always base pairs with guanine; cytosine with thymine

c. Adenine always base pairs with thymine; cytosine with guanine

d. Bases on a single strand of RNA are found in pair.

8. In this step of protein synthesis, amino acids are added to a growing polypeptide chain.

a. Initiation.

b. Elongation.

c. Termination.

d. Transpiration.

9. Three complementary bases found in a mRNA are called ____________________.

a. Anti-codon.

b. Triplet.

c. Doublet.

d. Codons.

10. Which statement best describes the job or function of the messenger RNA.

a. Carries the map of the gene sequence in the form of codons to the cytoplasm

for translation of the protein.

b. It transfers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

c. It forms the ribosomes.

d. It helps replicate DNA.

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BCH 2333 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Aminoacyl-Trna, Transfer Rna, Reading Frame

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