APA 2180 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Ecological Fallacy, Reduced Cost, Subgroup Analysis
19 Mar 2017
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Apa 2180: lecture 10: other sources of data. Observation research: participant or non-participant, structured or unstructured observation. Other unobtrusive measures: documents, personal, governmental, official documents of private sources, mass media outputs, virtual outputs, official statistics: physical traces, archives. Any data source that: can be read , e. g. , letters, diaries, autobiographies, websites, photographs, etc, was not produced specifically for the purpose of research. Unobtrusive and nonreactive: research participants are unaware of being studied and therefore act naturally (validity) Can include the following: letters, diaries, autobiographies, newspapers, television programs, websites, photographs. 4 criteria for assessing the quality of documents: Credibility: free from error or distortion, factually accurate. Representativeness: typical of what it is supposed to represent. Photographs can be: used to illustrate points, sources of data, used as prompts to get people to talk. What is the social context of photographs: family photographs are often taken at special occasions, 3 types: idealized (formal), natural, demystified (scott, 1990)
