SSCI 2900U Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Advantageous, Operationalization, Dependent And Independent Variables
19 May 2016
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Document Summary
Internal validity, in particular with establishing direction of causation i. e. if self-esteem and income are associated which comes first or are they reciprocal. External validity idea does findings apply generally. Who got excluded: strength - effect of variables cannot be manipulated in experiments. Longitudinal design data over a period of time: i. e. twin studies follow set of twins over time (5 years old, 10 years old, 15 years old, etc: clear indication on direction of causation, two basic types: Panel study same people, households, organization, etc. and studied at different times. Difficult to determine when subsequent waves of the study should be conducted (when does change happen) Panel conditioning as a result of people participating, that can change their behaviors (fake good, or fake bad idea that they want to please researcher) Critical case study: look at a particular instances where hypothesis is true or not true.
