HLSC 2110U Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Diabetes Mellitus Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Beta Cell
15 Mar 2019
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Document Summary
Elevation of fasting blood sugar caused by relative or absolute insulin deficiency. Leading cause of adult blindness, amputations, kidney failure, heart attack, stroke. 100000 new cases of type 1 diabetes and 700000 new cases of type 2 diabetes occur in north. Incidence and prevalence of type 2 is on the increase. Possibly due to the growing aging population and increasing prevalence of obesity and sedentary lifestyles. Rise in type 2 diabetes is children as well. Autoimmune attack on beta cells of pancreas. Islets of langerhans become infiltrated with active t cells which leads to insulitis. Over years, the autoimmune attack leads to the depletion of beta cells. Symptoms appear suddenly when 80-90% of beta cells are gone. Beta cell destruction requires stimulus from the environment (ex. virus) and a genetic determinant that allows beta cells to be seen as foreign. With identical twins, if one twin has it then the other has a 30-50% chance of developing it as well.
