PSYC1003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Latent Learning, Edward C. Tolman, Operant Conditioning
Document Summary
Response rate: generally presented as a slope of graph. Primary reinforcer: inherently reinforcing because they satisfy biological needs. Secondary reinforcer: acquire reinforcing qualities by being associated with primary reinforcers. Depends on species and types of learning (ex. money, good grades, praise, etc. ) Acquisition: initial stage of learning; more gradual than classical conditioning. Shaping: reinforcement of closer and closer approximations of a desired response- important in teaching an un-natural response. Resistance to extinction- continues after reinforcement is stopped. Stimulus control: discriminative stimuli (signal to tell you the reinforcer is coming- light on in skinner box means you get food) Intermittent (partial) reinforcement: slower acquisition, greater resistance to extinction. Fixed-ratio schedule: giving a reinforcer after a fixed number of non-reinforced responses. Variable-ratio schedule: giving a reinforcer after a variable number of non-reinforced responses. Fixed-interval schedule: reinforcing the first response that occurs after a fixed time interval has elapsed.
