BIOL1006 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Logarithmic Scale, Nucleoid, Peptidoglycan

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carminedeer281

9 Aug 2016

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Document Summary

A plasma membrane: an outer covering that separates the cell"s interior from its surrounding environment. Cytoplasm: a jelly-like cytosol within the cell in which other cellular components are found dna: the genetic material of the cell ribosomes: where protein synthesis occurs. Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotic cells in several ways. A prokaryote is a simple, single-celled organism that lacks an organized nucleus or any other membrane- bound organelle. We will shortly come to see that this is significantly different in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic dna is found in a central part of the cell: the nucleoid. Most prokaryotes have a peptidoglycan cell wall and many have a polysaccharide capsule. The cell wall acts as an extra layer of protection, helps the cell maintain its shape, and prevents dehydration. The capsule enables the cell to attach to surfaces in its environment. Pili are used to exchange genetic material during a type of reproduction called conjugation.

Related Questions

i need help with this homwork please choose the correct answers and just be claer to read and understand for the slect the apply qusestions too and it is important i realy need the right answers so please be claer not write randomly i really need the correct answers to study for my test so hop you can help me

Question 1

What is the smallest cell you could find?

Question 2

TEMs appear as 3D images

True

False

Question 3

Bacteria are what cell type? Write one word as the answer in lowercase and using no syntax.

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Question 42 pts

ALL eukaryotic cells have which of the following. Click all that apply.

membrane enclosed cell organelles

mitochondria

Question 5

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have which if the following cellular components. Click all that apply.

Question 6

I am made of one 60s and one 40s subunit, which organelle am I?

protein

lipid

bacterial ribosome

Question 9

The difference between the rough and smooth ER is

the rough produces lipids where as the smooth does not

the rough has many folds and convolutions where as the smooth does not

the rough has ribosome embedded and the smooth does not

the rough is closer to the cell membrane whereas the smooth is closer to the nucleus

Question 10

The site where many lipids, including cell membrane is produced.

Question 11

Name the organelle: In muscle cells in particular, I would increase in number and size in response to frequent exercise

Question 12

In animal cells, glucose would be mobilized from its storage molecule (glycogen) in this part of the cell.

Question 13

Which of these is associated with the rough ER

production of carbohydrates

production of steroid hormones

production of ATP

production of proteins that are secreted from the cell

Question 14

Which organelle sorts, modifies and stores substances produced on the rough ER. Write two words as the answer in lower case separated by a space.

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for ATP production. Write one word in the singular as the answer.

Question 16

You inherit all of your mitochondria from your

father

half from your mother and half from your father

your siblings

mother

Question 17

An organelle that contains chlorophyll

Question 18

Microtubules have a variety of roles, which of the options below is NOT one of them?

separate chromosomes

cilia and flagellum movement

tracks for organelle movement

constrict the cell during cell division

Question 19

Made of tubulin subunits

microfilaments

chromosomes

intermediate filaments

microtubules

Question 20

Name the part of the cytoskeleton that is made of two twisted rods of actin. Write one word as the answer in lower case.

Question 21

Which part of the cytoskeleton is made of the same protein as your hair and nails?

microfilaments

microtubules

Intermediate filaments

Question 22

The extracellular matrix is found outside of, but attached to the cell membrane?

True

False

Question 23

Which of the options below is an important function of the extra cellular matrix?

connecting cells together

regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell

helping cells divide into two cells

keeping the cell in a fixed and ridged shape

Question 24

Which part of the cell wall has a high pectin content?

Question 25

Plants have mitochondria, chloroplasts, a cell wall, and nuclei.

True

False

Question 27

What accounts for 40% of the protein in our bodies?

Question 28

Animal cells have cell walls

True

false

LAB MODULE: BASIC MICROSCOPY â STUDY HELP

The information in this document is helpful in preparing for the Basic Microscopy Pre-Lab Quiz on Canvas and the Basic Microscopy quiz on Late Nite Labs.

Instructions:

â¢ Go to your Late Nite Labs course site and click on the Basic Microscopy link. The lab manual content will appear on the right side of the screen.

â¢ PRINT and READ all of the information found in the Basic Microscopy lab manual.

â¢ Use the information to answer the following questions.

Questions

â¢ Fill in the remainder of the chart.

Objective Lens	Objective Magnification	Ocular Magnification	Total Magnification
Scanning	4X	10X	40X
Low Power	10X	10X
High Power	40X	10X
Oil Immersion	100X	10X

â¢ Do all organisms consist of more than one cell?

â¢ What is the structural and functional unit of living things? In other words, what is considered the basic building block of LIFE?

â¢ What three structures are found in the cells of ALL organisms, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic? You may have to look at the pictures of the cells in the Basic Microscopy lab manual content to find all three structures. Note: plasma membrane = cell membrane

â¢ List the major differences in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? Include the location of genetic material in a eukaryotic versus prokaryotic cell.

â¢ List the organelles found in a eukaryotic cell that are not found in a prokaryotic cell. You may have to look at the pictures of the cells in the Basic Microscopy lab manual content to find all of these.

â¢ In eukaryotic cells, genetic information is found in the form of DNA. Is this true for prokaryotic cells?

â¢ Are flagella and cell walls unique to eukaryotes? Why or why not?

â¢ The __________is the part of a cell that allows the movement of substances into and out of the cell and protects the cell from its environment.

â¢ The__________is a substance that contains all of the dissolved and suspended ions and other molecules needed to keep the cell alive.

â¢ A__________is an organelle that serves as the site of photosynthesis in a eukaryotic cell.

â¢ Some organisms have cells that contain a__________that gives the cell a more structured shape and strengthens the cell by osmotic pressure.

â¢ Describe dark field microscopy.

â¢ Describe phase contrast microscopy.

â¢ Why do scientists use dark field microscopy and phase contrast microscopy when studying prokaryotic cells?

â¢ How does phase contrast microscopy help scientists visualize difficult specimens?

â¢ Fill in the remainder of the chart. The organisms studied during this lab are: Amoeba, Spirogyra, cardiac muscle, and bacteria.

Structure	Function	Organisms Studied
Plasma Membrane		Amoeba, Spirogyra, cardiac muscle, and bacteria
Cytoplasm
Nucleus	Contains the genetic material of a eukaryotic cell
Chloroplast		Spirogyra
Cell wall