POLI 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 28: Section 33 Of The Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms
Document Summary
Modern bill of rights: charter rights = not unlimited, sec. 33: notwithstanding clause: sec 1: reasonable limits clause. Reasonable limits: uniquely canadian approach to rights, democratic limits can be placed on any rights, some cause for concern among rights advocates. Section 1 limits: (cid:858) easo(cid:374)a(cid:271)le li(cid:373)its pres(cid:272)ri(cid:271)ed (cid:271)y law as (cid:272)a(cid:374) (cid:271)e de(cid:373)o(cid:374)stra(cid:271)ly justified i(cid:374) a free a(cid:374)d de(cid:373)o(cid:272)rati(cid:272) so(cid:272)iety(cid:859: courts can permit exceptions. How to limit rights: rights claims two-staged, violation test, reasonable limits test. R v oakes: arrested for drug possession, reverse onus for trafficking charges, claimed violation of section 11(d) Oakes: presumed guilty of trafficking, that was a rights violation. Oakes test: two tests to be met, 1) purpose test, pressing and substantial, 2)proportionality or means test. Oakes: purpose test = met, drug control a pressing and substantial objective, means not proportional, rational connection missing ad too likely to convict innocent people.
