PHRM 221 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Spina Bifida, Vitamin A Deficiency, Neural Tube Defect
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Duration : average of 266 days from conception = 40 weeks from first day of lmp. Period of organogenesis : 56 days from fertilization (i. e. 1st 10 weeks if counted from. Zero extra calories needed in the 1st trimester. Eating a little bit more in the 2nd & 3rd trimester (gain 1 lb weekly) Lactation also requires some energy (more than in 3rd trimester) Evidence for use of specific vitamins and minerals for pregnancy wellness. Who recommends supplementation during pregnancy and lactation in areas of endemic vitamin a deficiency (e. g. night blindness) Reduces maternal anemia, night blindness, possibly reduces maternal infection. Doses: 5000-10,000 iu daily or 200,000 iu weekly. No evidence of benefit for decreasing maternal or fetal mortality. Heart defects, neural tube defects (ntd), down"s syndrome. Folic acid 4 mg/day vs other vitamins vs other vitamins + folic acid vs placebo. Outcomes: ntd in 6 (folic acid groups) vs 21 (other two groups w/o folic acid)
