PHAR 454 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Creatinine, Sulfation, Glucuronidation
18 Jan 2017
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Illustrate how the pharmacist can determine the appropriateness of a dosing regimen based on what is known about the drug"s phar(cid:373)a(cid:272)oki(cid:374)eti(cid:272)s. Small percentage of market re(cid:272)ruit(cid:373)e(cid:374)t, (cid:862)(cid:271)a(cid:374)g for (cid:271)u(cid:272)k(cid:863) Limitations of using animal models the same organ may follow different developmental timelines in different species. Constraint in the number of blood samples that can be collected. Gastric ph: greatest changes in the neonatal period. At birth: neonates have higher relative ph from reduced gastric acid output and reduced gastric secretions. Remember: ionized molecules are not easily absorbed in the gi tract. Acidic environment: weak acid is unionized; weak base is ionized. Basic environment: weak acid is ionized; weak base is unionized. Weakly basic drugs (ex. penicillin) will be unionized more easily absorbed. Weakly acidic drugs (ex. phenobarbital) will be ionized less easily absorbed. Case scenario: 1 month old has a seizure and needs oral phenytoin (weakly acidic pka ~8). The bioavailability would be lower (in neonates and infants up to.
