PHAR 441 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Hyperglycemia, Chlortalidone, Mineralocorticoid
14 Oct 2016
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Diuretics: define the term diuretic and list 5 types of diuretic drugs, summarize the indications for diuretics, distinguish diuretics by mechanisms of action, describe major side effects and toxicity of each of the groups of diuretics. Diuretics = compounds that increase the excretion of solutes increased urine volume output is secondary. Most act by decreasing the rate of sodium reabsorption from the tubules water follows sodium = decreased blood pressure. Act directly at the luminal surface of the tubular cells. Effects are site specific max. response is limited by the site of action. Diuretics vary in their renal site of action and efficacy to block sodium reabsorption. Methazolamide: 25-50 mg bid to tid (longer t1/2) Reversibly inhibits carbonic anhydrase (both caiv and caii) in the proximal tubule. Thus, their pharmacological effect = h+ secretion, hco3. Efficacy weak/ limited efficacy as a diuretic (99% of ca activity has to be inhibited before diuretic activity is expressed)
