EOSC 110 Lecture 13: Streams and Rivers

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ceruleangoat669

13 Jan 2017

School

UBC

Department

Earth and Ocean Sciences

Course

EOSC 110

Professor

Brett Gilley

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• HydrologicCycle

• HowstreamsmodifytheEarth'ssurface



HydrologicCycle

•WaterCycleSongVideo

•TheWaterCycleRap(withlyrics)



• Waterisconstantlyonthemove

○ Evaporatedfromoceans,lakes,streams,surfaceoftheland

○ Evaporatedfromplants(transpiraon)bysolarenergy

○ Movedthroughatmospherebywinds

○ Condensestoformcloudsofwaterdropletsoricecrystals

○ Comesbackdownasrainorsnow

○ Flowsthroughstreams,intolakesandeventuallybackintooceans

○ Wateronthesurfaceandinstreamsandlakesinﬁltratesthegroundtobecomegroundwater

• Groundwaterslowlymovesthroughtherockandsurﬁcialmaterials

• Somegroundwaterreturnstootherstreamsandlakeswhilesomegoesdirectlybackinto

oceans



RockCycle:



• Weathering,erosionandtransportofmaterialfromthemountainstotheocean‐‐>recyclingof

mineralsintonewrocks

WhyStreamProcessesAreSoImportant

• Streamserode,transportanddepositsediment‐‐>thisformslandscapes

(topography)

• Providemuchofthewaterthatisessenaltoourexistence

• Streamsdowork,dependingon:

○Discharge:Q(cmsorm3/s)

○Velocity:V(m/s)

•Q=VxA



HowDoStreamsErode?

• Dissoluon

• HydraulicFaulng

• Abrasion



HowDoStreamsTransportMaterial?



1. DissolvedLoad

○ Represents,onaverage,about15%ofthemassofmaterialtransported

○ IncludesionssuchasCalciumandChlorideinsoluon

2. SuspendedLoad

○ Thefasterthewaterisﬂowing,thelargertheparclesthatcanbekeptinsuspensionand

transportedwithintheﬂowingwater

3. BedLoad

○ Largeparclesrestontheboom

○ Mayonlybemovedduringrapidﬂowsunderﬂoodcondions

HowDoStreamsGetEnergy?



• Streamsgetenergyfromslopeanddischarge

• A=graded(equilibrium)streamproﬁle+baselevel

○ Streamgradient(m/kmor/mile)variesalongproﬁle



VariaoninStreamVelocity

• Maximumvelocitynearoutsideedgeofmeanders

• Inmeanderingstreams,erosion=deposion

Streams and Rivers

Wednesday,November2,2016 10:54PM

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