ENGL 229 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Present Tense
Document Summary
Verb forms: base form: walk, take, present tense form: walk, take, s-form (present, 3rd person singular): walks, takes, ed-form (past tense): walked, took, en-form: walked, taken. Tense is a morphological category: we only have specialized morphological forms for present tense and past tense tense is the only obligatory category. Expressions of future time: will/shall, they are modal verbs, will means (cid:494)good will, promise(cid:495) etc, shall means (cid:494)order(cid:495, going to (gonna) Aspect: perfect and progressive: combination of two grammatical forms, perfect: auxiliary verb have and the en-form of the main verb, progressive: auxiliary verb be and the ing-form of the main verb. Pres/past modal perfect have en progressive be ing: (all morphological categories are in red, (all function and content words are in black) Present tense present time: state i like apples, single event i resign, habitual she walks to work. Present tense progressive present time temporary (e(cid:495)s drinking tea temporary habit she(cid:495)s walking to work (cid:523)these days(cid:524)
