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CHEM 154 Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: Reactive Intermediate, Toothpaste, Hydrogen Peroxide

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cerisegiraffe538

4 Dec 2017

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The half-life of a reactant is the time it takes for its concentration to fall to one-half of its original values. Do worksheet question #4: chemical reactions: a molecular view. In order for a reaction to occur, collisions between molecules must have: As temperature increases, more collisions between reactants have the energy necessary for reaction to occur: activation energy (ea) Minimum energy that reactant molecules must possess to undergo a particular chemical reaction: collision geometry. Some collision may have enough energy but not the right orientation: arrhenius behaviour. The arrhenius equation describes the relationship between the rate constant (k) and temperature (t). k=ae -ea/rt lnk = -e a /r x (1/t) + lna. A is called the frequency factor: reaction mechanisms. A reaction mechanism is a collection of one or more molecular steps that account for the way reactants become products. [ no2(g) + no2(g) no3(g) +no(g) ] + [ no3(g) + cp(g) no2(g) + co2(g) ] =

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In the collision model it is assumed that reactions occur as a result of collisions between molecules with the correct kinetic energy and orientation. The minimum energy required for a reaction to occur when molecules collide is called the activation energy, E_a. The number of collisions that are favorably oriented for a reaction is described by the frequency factor, A. The Arrhenius equation relates both of these factors to the rate constant, k. k = A middot e^-E_a/(R middot T) where R = 8.314 J/(mol middot K) and T is the temperature in kelvins. Based on the activation energies and frequency factors, rank the following reactions from fastest to slowest reaction rate, assuming they are all at the same temperature. Rank from fastest to slowest reaction rate. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them. Fraction of molecules The exponential term in the Arrhenius equation is equal to the fraction of molecules, f, with kinetic energy greater than or equal to the activation energy: f = e^-E_a/(R middot T) Most scientific calculators have an e^x function as the second function of the LN button. Part B A certain reaction with an activation energy of 145 kJ/mol was run at 495 K and again at 515 K. What is the ratio of f at the higher temperature to f at the lower temperature? Express your answer numerically using one significant figure. In the collision model it is assumed that reactions occur as a result of collisions between molecules with the correct kinetic energy and orientation. The minimum energy required for a reaction to occur when molecules collide is called the activation energy, E_a. The number of collisions that are favorably oriented for a reaction is described by the frequency factor, A. The Arrhenius equation relates both of these factors to the rate constant, k: k = A middot e^-E_a/(R middot T) where R = 8.314 J/(mol middot K) and T is the temperature in kelvins. Part A Based on the activation energies and frequency factors, rank the following reactions from fastest to slowest reaction rate, assuming they are all at the same temperature. Rank from fastest to slowest reaction rate. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them. Fraction of molecules The exponential term in the Arrhenius equation is equal to the fraction of molecules, f, with kinetic energy greater than or equal to the activation energy: f = e^E_a/(R middot T) Most scientific calculators have an e^x function as the second function of the LN button. Part B A certain reaction with an activation energy of 145 kJ/mol was run at 495 K and again at 515 K. What is the ratio of f at the higher temperature to f at the lower temperature? Express your answer numerically using one significant figure. In the collision model it is assumed that reactions occur as a result of collisions between molecules with the correct kinetic energy and orientation. The minimum energy required for a reaction to occur when molecules collide is called the activation energy, Ea. The number of collisions that are favorably oriented for a reaction is described by the frequency factor, A. The Arrhenius equation relates both of these factors to the rate constant, k: k = A middot e^-E_a/(R middot T) where R = 8.314 J/(mol middot K) and T is the temperature in kelvins. Fraction of molecules The exponential term in the Arrhenius equation is equal to the fraction of molecules, f, with kinetic energy greater than or equal to the activation energy: f = e^-E_a/(R middot T) Most scientific calculators have an e^x function as the second function of the LN button. Part B A certain reaction with an activation energy of 14 kJ/mol was run at 495 K and again at 515 K. What is the ratio of f at the higher temperature to f at the lower temperature? Express your answer numerically using one significant figure.