ATSC 113 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Dew Point, Advection, Anabatic Wind
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Normal clouds: convective clouds or cumuliform clouds(stacks of cotton balls) layer clouds or stratiform clouds(sheets or blankets) Clouds in unstable air aloft: castellanus(small castle turrets), billow (k-h wave) clouds(indicate wind shear, clear-air turbulence (cat) Clouds associated with strong winds across mountains: lenticular (mountain-wave) clouds, rotor clouds, banner clouds. Clouds formed by extra heat, updrafts, or turbulence: pyrocumulus(form over forest fires), pileus(fast-growing cumulus clouds), fractus / scud(turbulent humid air near the ground) For aviation 5 oktas sky is obscured, observer on the ground cannot see. Ceilings are measured with: laser ceilometers, ceiling balloons, pilot reports, weather- observer estimates. Cavok = ceiling and visibility are ok runway visual range (rvr) how ahead a pilot can see. Visual flight rules(vfr) you fly by mostly looking out the window 3000+ Marginal vfr (mvfr) conditions which vfr is allowed, visibility is poor 1000-3000. Ifr = instrument flight rules not looking out the window(use gps) 1,000 ft-
