MATH136 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Linear Combination

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MATH136 Full Course Notes
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Example: find a basis for the range of the linear mapping defined by. B is clearly linearly independent and hence a basis for the range. (cid:1838)(cid:4666)(cid:1876)(cid:2869),(cid:1876)(cid:2870),(cid:1876)(cid:2871)(cid:4667)=(cid:4666)(cid:1876)(cid:2869) (cid:1876)(cid:2870)+(cid:884)(cid:1876)(cid:2871),(cid:1876)(cid:2869) (cid:1876)(cid:2871)(cid:4667) (cid:3117) (cid:2872)(cid:3119) ]=(cid:1876)(cid:2869)[(cid:2869)(cid:2869)]+(cid:1876)(cid:2870)[ (cid:2869)(cid:2868)]+(cid:1876)(cid:2871)[(cid:2870) (cid:2872)] (cid:1871)(cid:3041) let (cid:1877) =[(cid:3117) (cid:3118)+(cid:2870)(cid:3119) Observe [(cid:2870) (cid:2872)] is a linear combination of the (cid:883)(cid:3046)(cid:3047)2 rectors. ={[(cid:2869)(cid:2869)],[ (cid:2869) (cid:2868)]} also spans range (l) (cid:1857)(cid:1858)(cid:3041) let (cid:1838):(cid:3041) (cid:3040) be linear mapping. We define the kernel of l by ker (l)={(cid:1876) (cid:3041)|(cid:1838)(cid:4666)(cid:1876) (cid:4667)=(cid:882) } Theorem 3. 3. 3: if (cid:1838):(cid:3041) (cid:3040) is linear, the ker (l) is a subspace of (cid:3041) (cid:1838)(cid:4666)(cid:1876)(cid:2869),,(cid:1876)(cid:2870),(cid:884)(cid:1876)(cid:2869)+(cid:884)(cid:1876)(cid:2870)(cid:4667) (cid:1871)(cid:3041) : let (cid:1876) (cid:1837)(cid:1857)(cid:1870)(cid:4666)(cid:1838)(cid:4667) [(cid:1876)(cid:2869)+(cid:1876)(cid:2870) (cid:884)(cid:1876)(cid:2869)+(cid:884)(cid:1876)(cid:2869)]=[(cid:882)(cid:882)] (cid:1876)(cid:2869)+(cid:1876)(cid:2870)=(cid:882) (cid:1876)(cid:2869)= (cid:1876)(cid:2870) (cid:1876) =[(cid:3117)(cid:3118)]=[ (cid:3118)(cid:3118)]=(cid:1876)(cid:2870)[ (cid:2869)(cid:2869)] hence a basis for the kernel is ={[ (cid:2869)(cid:2869)]} since it span ker (l) and is (cid:884)(cid:1876)(cid:2869)+(cid:884)(cid:1876)(cid:2870)=(cid:882)=(cid:1876)(cid:2869)+(cid:1876)(cid:2870)=(cid:882) linearly independent. Example: let be the liner mapping defined by. Theorem 3. 2. 2: let (cid:1838):(cid:3041) (cid:3040) be a linear mapping then the matrix defined by [(cid:1838)]=

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