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ECON100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Aggregate Demand, Monetary Policy, Fiscal Policy

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peachhare525
23 Jun 2016
School
University of Waterloo
Department
Economics
Course
ECON100
Professor
Joseph Dejuan

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Document Summary

A rise in the price level, other things remaining the same, decreases the real value of money and raises the interest rate. With a smaller number of real money around, banks and other lenders can get a higher interest rate on loans. When interest rate rises, people borrow, spend less, so the quantity of real gdp demanded decreases. Substitution effect involves changing the timing of purchases called the intertemporal substitution effect - a substitution across time. Similarily, fall in price level increases the real value of money and lowers increase rate which increases quantity of real gdp demanded. Rise in the price level increase the price of domestic goods relative to foreign goods decreases quantity of real gdp demanded. Fall in price level increases the quantity of real gdp demanded. Increases consumption today and increases aggregate demand. Makes buying goods cheaper today and increases aggregate demand. Boosts firms investment (physical capital not bonds, stocks, etc), which increases aggregate demand.

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Related Questions

1. What happens when the price level rises?
a. The value of money rises, and exchange rates and interest rates also rise.
b. The value of money rises, while exchange rates and interest rates fall.
c. The value of money falls while exchange rates and interest rates rise.
d. The value of money falls, and exchange rates and interest rates also fall.


2. Which of the following best describes what happens when the price level rises?
a. Households increase foreign bond purchases, and the supply of dollars increases.
b. Households increase foreign bond purchases, and the supply of dollars decreases.
c. Households decrease foreign bond purchases, and the supply of dollars increases.
d. Households decrease foreign bond purchases, and the supply of dollars decreases.


3. In which of the following situations does investment spending increase?
a. when the price level rises, causing interest rates to rise
b. when the price level rises, causing interest rates to fall
c. when the price level falls, causing interest rates to rise
d. when the price level falls, causing interest rates to fall

4. If a government started with a deficit and moved to a surplus, which of the following best describes the
effects of these changes?
a. Domestic investment and the real exchange rate would rise.
b. Domestic investment and the real exchange rate would fall.
c. Domestic investment would rise, and the real exchange rate would fall.
d. Domestic investment would fall, and the real exchange rate would rise.

5. Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a sharp increase in the
minimum wage. In the short run, what would we expect to happen?
a. the price level to rise, and real GDP to fall
b. the price level to fall, and real GDP to remain unchanged
c. the price level to remain unchanged, and real GDP to fall
d. the price level to fall, and the real GDP to rise the same

A. A decrease in aggregate supply can result in:

  1. a recession
  2. cost-push inflation
  3. demand-pull inflation
  4. unemployment 

B. In the short run (intermediate-range) of the aggregate supply curve, higher aggregate demand will increase

  1. the price level but reduce real GDP.
  2. real GDP without raising the price level
  3. the price level without affecting real GDP
  4. both the price level and real GDP

C. Which of the following helps explain why real GDP is inversely related to the price level within the framework of the AD-AS model?

  1. As prices fall, domestic consumers have an incentive to buy more of the cheaper goods and services
  2. As prices fall, the wealth of people holding the fixed quantity of money increases, causing them to expand their purchases of goods and services
  3. As prices fall, the government will have to reduce taxes, which will lead to an increase in the number of goods and services purchased
  4. As prices fall, the monetary authorities will have to increase the money supply, which will lead to an increase in the number of goods and services purchased

(Monetary Policy and an Expansionary Gap) Suppose the Fed wishes to use monetary policy to close an expansionary gap.

a. Should the Fed increase or decrease the money supply?

b. If the Fed uses open-market operations, should it buy or sell government securities?

c. 10. Determine whether each of the following increases decreases, or remains unchanged in the short run: the market interest rate, the quantity of money demanded, investment spending, aggregate demand, potential output, the price level, and equilibrium real GDP.