EARTH221 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Cosmogenic Nuclide, Cosmic Ray, Alpha Particle
26 Aug 2016
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Lecture 1 06/01/2016: element abundance generally decreases with increasing atomic number, peaks elements with even number of protons, lows odd number of protons. Exception: hydrogen: iron and nickel have a distinctive peak, lithium, beryllium and boron have distinct lows. Solar system abundances do not equal universe abundance (h and he are the most abundant with some variations in the universe for other elements) Oddo-harkins rule: even # protons and even # neutrons have more stable nuclides, odd and even or odd/odd result in less stable nuclides, pairing of all protons leads to a more stable atomic nucleus. An odd number results in one proton without a pair resulting in instability. Chart of the nuclides: shows every nuclide known to exist (natural and artificial, isobars: same a (mass number), different z and n (neutrons) Form a diagonal pattern on chart (line of constant a: istopes: same z, different a and n.
