BIOL354 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Alpha Particle, Cytotoxicity, Geographic Information System
6 Dec 2016
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Document Summary
Biol 354 biochemical and physiological effects of chemicals part 1. Negative effects: narcosis membrane damage, biochemical toxicity enzyme inhibition, reactive oxygen species oxidative damage, endocrine toxicity hormone mimicking, genotoxicity mutation/stop replication. Positive (protective) effects: detoxification degradation and excretion, acclimation defense responses. Negative impacts: dose dependent different mechanisms function at different levels, metal dependent. Different toxicities: environment dependent binding in aquatic systems. Metabolic nutrients iron, calcium, zinc, potassium (zinc is toxic and prevalent) Trace nutrients (micro) selenium, copper, cobalt, magnesium, manganese. Enzyme cofactors redox active centres in many enzymes. Iron etc, superoxide dismutases, cytochrome p450: zinc sod, mg, mn photosynthesis, cu etc, ca cell signalling, na, ca substrates in ion pumps. Iron haemoglobin, cell structure: zinc fingers in transcription factors, ca bone structure, cell structure. Biological impact often from disturbance of metal metabolic function. Block essential function of biomolecules ion pumps. Modify configuration of biomolecules: zinc can be replaced by cd in zinc fingers. Dna metal binding to nucleotide bases.
