BIOL239 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Methionine, Start Codon, Release Factor

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lilacmanatee822

25 Mar 2018

School

University of Waterloo

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL239

Professor

Christine Dupont

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Document Summary

Set 14: translation the process in which the genetic code carried by mrna directs the synthesis of proteins from amino acids requires: mrna, rrna with attached amino acid ribosomes. Wobble: some trnas recognize more than one codon for the amino acid they carry. Ribosomes: sites of protein synthesis, complex structures composed of protein and rna ribosomes have a large and small subunit, the size differs from prokaryote and eukaryotes, prokaryotic small subunit carries a 16s rrna while eukaryotic carries 18s. Translation (eukaryotes): initiation phase: 40s ribosome subunit recognizes and binds to the 5" (cid:373)ethylated cap. It then scans along the mrna until it finds the initiation of translation sequence (which in lower eukaryotes is only the aug, but in mammals, it also includes the surrounding sequences) Initiator trna carries met not fmet: rest of translation is similar to prokaryotes. Polyribosome: a complex of several ribosomes translating from the same mrna.

Related Questions

1. _________________________ is the name of the process that produces proteins using RNA molecules.

a.Transcription

b Translation

c. Replication

d. Mutagenesis

2. The peptide bonding site on the ribosome:

a. A site

b. P site

c. E site

d. D site

3. The name given to the bond formed between two amino acids.

a. Hydrogen bond

b. Double bond

c. Peptide bond

d. Negative bond

4. __________________________ is the movement of the mRNA molecule on the ribosome to open up the A-site for the new incoming amino acid.

a. Transformation

b. Mutation

c. Translocation

d. Initiation

5. What does the term semi-conservative mean.

a. Replication of RNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of RNA and one new strand of RNA.

b. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA.

c. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of new strands of nucleotides.

d. Transcription of RNA is semi conservative.

6. This molecule functions during protein synthesis to recognize the codon and bring the proper amino acid back to the ribosome for translation.

a. mRNA

b. tRNA

c. rRNA

d. DNA polymerase

7. What is meant by the base-pairing rule.

a. Bases on a single strand of DNA are always found as pairs

b. Adenine always base pairs with guanine; cytosine with thymine

c. Adenine always base pairs with thymine; cytosine with guanine

d. Bases on a single strand of RNA are found in pair.

8. In this step of protein synthesis, amino acids are added to a growing polypeptide chain.

a. Initiation.

b. Elongation.

c. Termination.

d. Transpiration.

9. Three complementary bases found in a mRNA are called ____________________.

a. Anti-codon.

b. Triplet.

c. Doublet.

d. Codons.

10. Which statement best describes the job or function of the messenger RNA.

a. Carries the map of the gene sequence in the form of codons to the cytoplasm

for translation of the protein.

b. It transfers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

c. It forms the ribosomes.

d. It helps replicate DNA.

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BIOL239 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Methionine, Start Codon, Release Factor

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