NUTR 120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: High-Density Lipoprotein, Coronary Circulation, Hypercholesterolemia

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24 Sep 2018

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Chd risk: iron, cholesterol, (cid:858)good(cid:859) (cid:272)holesterol, soluble fibre. Starting in the small intestine, longer chain fatty acids go into a structure called chylomicron. The chylomicron goes into the lymphatic system. 4 components of a lipoprotein: cholesterol, protein, phospholipid and triglyceride. The proportions of the 4 components will help us identify which lipoprotein it is. Chylomicrons will go into the lymph and eventually reaches the bloodstream. O(cid:374)(cid:272)e i(cid:374) the (cid:271)loodstrea(cid:373), the (cid:272)h(cid:455)lo(cid:373)i(cid:272)ro(cid:374)(cid:859)s goal is to drop off the tg to the tissues that need it, most of the time it will be the adipose tissue for storage. Sometimes, it is dropped off to a muscle so it can use the fatty acid for energy. It becomes smaller as it drops off more of its fat load acids now, it is called chylomicron remnant. Chylomicron remnant is taken up by the liver as the proteins on the chylomicron remnant will serve as an id card for a docking ports/receptors on the liver.

Related Questions

uestions 7. In the colorimetric determination of cholesterol the enzyme cholesterol oxidase, the agent that oxidi the colorless organic compound 4-aminoantipyrine a pink complex is a. Hydrogen peroxide bÂ·Cholest-4-ene-3-one . Which of the following methods for lipoprotein elec- trophoresis depends on charge and molecular size? b. Paper c. Cellulose acetate d. Agarose d. Phenol 2. Which of the following statements concerning chylomi- crons is FALSE? a. The major lipid transported by this lipoprotein is 8. Which lipoprotein is the major carrier of cholesterol to peripheral tissue? a. LDL b. Chylomicrons c. VLDL d. HDL cholesterol. b. This lipoprotein is produced in the intestinal c. The primary function is to carry dietary (exog d. It remains at the origin (point of application) dur- mucosa enous) lipids to the liver. ing lipoprotein electrophoresis. 9. True or false? Increased levels of apo A-I are associ- ated with increased risk of CAD 3. The lipoprotein that contains the greatest amount of protein is called a. HDL 10. A patient is admitted to the hospital with intense chest pains. The patient's primary care physician requests the emergency department doctor to orde several tests, including a lipid profile with chol fractionation.Given the patient's results below, what would be the LDL-C for this patient c. VLDL d. LDL 4. True or False? Pre-beta (VLDL)-lipoproteins migrate Total cholesterol- 400 mg/dL; triglycerides further toward the anode on polyacrylamide gel than HDLC - 100 mg/di LP electrophoresis, pending they do on cellulose acetate or agarose a. 240 mg/dL b. 160 mg/dL c. 200 mg/dL d. 300 mg/dL 5. Several enzymatic triglyceride methods measure the production or consumption of a. NADH b. Fatty acids c. Glycerol d. Diacetyl lutidine 11. A patient is admitted to the hospital wit chest pains. The patient's primry requests the emergency 6. The most likely cause for serum/plasma to appear several tests, including a lipid protile fractionation. Given the patient's resu below, what would be this patient s a "milky" is the presence of LDL-Cstatus 3u b. VLDL c. LDL d. HDL Total cholesterol 400 mg/dL; HDL-C = 100 mg/dL; LP electrop a. High b. Optimal c. Desirable d. Borderline

11. Which of the following is an attribute of a scientifically literate person?

A. Creates templates for understanding

B. Constructs hypothetical arguments for discussion

C. Respects the rights of self determination

D. Uses scientific evidence to understand the natural world

E. Reports on social phenomena consistently

12. Which of the following does not contribute to the Calorie intake of a person?

A. Protein

B. Carbohydrate

C. Fat

D. Alcohol

E. Water

13. Which of the following is not a technique used to measure body composition?

A. Skin-fold calipers

B. Bod PodÃ

C. Body mass index

D. Hydrostatic weighing

E. Light absorption technique

14. Which of the following behavioral techniques supports healthy body weight changes?

A. Feasting

B. Fasting

C. Goal setting and a plan

D. Eating vegetables and meat

E. Regularly measuring body composition

15. The purpose of the warm-up is to:

A. Slowly increase the pulse rate to an aerobic level.

B. Facilitate vascular changes (splenic shunt) to accommodate aerobic exercise.

C. Gear up the energy metabolism, i.e., increase the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the working muscle, and raise the temperature to an optimal level for energy production.

D. Increase the elasticity of the muscle fibers, which helps to prevent muscle, tendon, ligament, and joint injuries, as well as improve muscle contraction and preserve muscle glycogen in addition to reducing the amount of lactic acid build-up in the muscles.

E. All of the above

16. Which of the following reflects an improvement in cardiovascular health resulting from regular engagement in aerobic exercise?

A. Increased lean body mass

B. Increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)

C. Stress relief

D. Improvement in sleep pattern

E. Reduced risk for developing certain types of cancer

17. The purpose of a cool-down is to:

A. slowly decrease pulse rate.

B. decrease core body temperature.

C. slowly constrict blood vessels.

D. continue adequate supply of blood to the brain, and facilitate removal of metabolic waste products from the muscles.

E. All of the above

18. A person trying to gain lean body mass has:

A. increased fluid needs.

B. decreased fat needs.

C. altered fitness needs.

D. increased protein and strength training needs.

E. decreased electrolyte needs.

19. Vitamin A in the form of _____ is used to treat acne.

A. retinol

B. retinal

C. retinoic acid

D. beta-carotene

E. lycopene

20. Which of the following is a genetic disease for which a low intake of copper is a component of treatment?

A. Pellagra

B. Wilsonâs disease

C. Hemochromatosis

D. Beriberi

E. Goiter

21. Which of the following nutrients is used to treat scurvy?

A. Folate

B. Riboflavin

C. Vitamin C

D. Niacin

E. Vitamin D

22. Which of the following groups is at highest risk for hemolytic anemia?

A. Premature infants

B. Elderly people who do not get exposure to sunlight

C. Pregnant women

D. Teenagers who do not drink enough water

E. Someone who does not consume animal meat or products

23. Iron deficiency causes:

A. microcytic normochromic anemia.

B. macrocytic hypochromic anemia.

C. microcytic hypochromic anemia.

D. macrocytic normochromic anemia.

E. macrocytic hyperchromic anemia.

24. Acrodermatitis enteropathica is caused by a deficiency of:

A. iron.

B. zinc.

C. chromium.

D. choline.

E. molybdenum.

25. Which of the following is required for the absorption of vitamin B₁₂?

A. A coenzyme

B. Intrinsic factor

C. Vitamin C

D. Bile acids

E. None of the above

26. Which nutrient potentiates the action of insulin?

A. Magnesium

B. Fluoride

C. Chromium

D. Selenium

E. Iodine

27. Which mineral is a central component of vitamin B₁₂?

A. Iron

B. Copper

C. Cobalt

D. Zinc

E. Molybdenum

28. Iodine is a component of:

A. hemoglobin.

B. myoglobin.

C. intrinsic factor.

D. insulin.

E. thyroxine.

29. Which of the following statements is not true regarding the diagnosis of a nutritional deficiency?

A. Dietary records should demonstrate low intake for that nutrient.

B. Blood levels should demonstrate high body levels of the nutrient.

C. Tissue levels should demonstrate low body levels of the nutrient.

D. Nutrient supplementation should correct the deficiency symptoms.

E. Clinical deficiency symptoms should be compatible with a low dietary intake.

30. Vitamin C helps maintain tissue integrity by:

A. neutralizing foreign proteins.

B. creating an alkaline cell environment.

C. recognizing cell boundaries.

D. forming collagen to bind cells together.

E. increasing inflammation

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NUTR 120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: High-Density Lipoprotein, Coronary Circulation, Hypercholesterolemia

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