KIN 231.3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Hanson Brothers, Symposium On Principles Of Programming Languages, Trait Theory
Personality & Sport KIN 231
MAR 15/18
Thinking about it
- What do you think personality is?
- Do you think personality contributes to success in sport?
- What kind of personality do you need to be successful?
- Resilience
What is Personality?
- Derived from the Latin “persona”
- A “mask” worn by n actor to portray a character
- Individual unique psychological makeup
- Hollander – “personality is the sum total of an individual’s characteristics that make
him/her unique
- 3 distinct levels, along 2 dimensions
Personality Structure
- Social enviro affects us all the time
- Each of these levels affect one another
1. Psychological core
- The real you, the core concept of self
I.e. attitudes, values, self-concept
2. Typical responses
- You get frustrated every so often, what do you do when you get frustrated?
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Personality & Sport KIN 231
MAR 15/18
- Learned modes of adjustments to the enviro – represents how individuals are
likely to respond
I.e. to frustration, humour, anxiety, etc.
3. Role-related B’
- B’ engaged is based upon our perception of a social position in which we are
placed
I.e. parent, student, coach, physio, MD, etc.
2 Dimensions
1. Internal level
- Psychological core
- Features more stable
2. External level
- Typical responses + role related b’
- External features of personality more subject to change
Theories of Personality
Psychodynamic Theory
Freud - All B’ interconnected + driven by unconscious forces
Freud’s Structure of Personality Included:
- ID – “pleasure principle” (what’s going to make me feel good)
- Ego – “reality principle”
- Superego – “should/should not principle”
- Little sport research
Sheldon’s Constitutional Theory
- Body type theories
- Body types predispose individuals toward b’ consistency
Physique type Personality label Traits
Fat, thick, endomorphic viscerotonic Happy, outgoing, loves food
Muscular, mesomorphic somatotonic Assertive, bold, risk-taking
Think, wiry, ectomorphic cerebrotonic Studious, tense, introverted
Trait Psychology
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Personality & Sport KIN 231
MAR 15/18
- Major thrust of personality research has been at the “typical response” level
- Historically – strongest approach
Hanson Brothers hit other hockey players w/their fists.
- They are aggressive – trait of aggression
- We assume they are aggressive be/c of their typical responses in hockey
Personality Traits
- Trait - Relatively stable characteristic or quality that may represent a portion of ones
personality
- Innate
- Assumed to be normally distributed w/in pop’l
- Contributes to stability in b’, both over time + across a variety of different situations
Trait Models:
Cattell’s – Trait Personality Model
- 16 different personality trait dichotomies
I.e. warmth, dominance, reasoning, vigilance
Digman’s – Big 5 Model
Suggests 5 prevalent factors
1. Openness to experience – willingness to adjust to new ideas (flexible)
2. Conscientiousness – determined, strong-willed
3. Extraversion – tendency to be outgoing
4. Agreeableness – compatability w/others
5. Neuroticism – tendency to be tense, anxious
Situationism
- Advocates the importance of the situation – “b’ varies as the situation does”
- Focus is on actual b’ itself + the enviro conditions + situations which influence it
Interactionism
- Situational interplay be/n person + environment determines b’ (how to predict
personality)
- Explains twice as much as either trait or situational approaches
Measurement of Personality
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Document Summary
A mask worn by n actor to portray a character. Hollander personality is the sum total of an individual"s characteristics that make him/her unique. Each of these levels affect one another: psychological core. The real you, the core concept of self. Learned modes of adjustments to the enviro represents how individuals are likely to respond. I. e. to frustration, humour, anxiety, etc: role-related b". B" engaged is based upon our perception of a social position in which we are placed. External features of personality more subject to change. Freud - all b" interconnected + driven by unconscious forces. Id pleasure principle (what"s going to make me feel good) Body types predispose individuals toward b" consistency. Major thrust of personality research has been at the typical response level. Hanson brothers hit other hockey players w/their fists. They are aggressive trait of aggression. We assume they are aggressive be/c of their typical responses in hockey.
