KIN 231.3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Extraversion And Introversion, Observability, Motivation
Leadership KIN 231
April 3 & 5/18
Definition – The action of an individual to influence others to work towards set goals
Northouse (2011)
1. Emergent Leaders (Loughead, 2017)
- Leaders emerge from w/in the team
- Implicitly – result of skill, etc
- Explicitly – nomination
I.e. team captains and assistants
2. Prescribed Leaders
- Leader is appointed by the organization to lead the group or team
- “meat” in the sandwich
1. Ensure that the organizations goals are met – task success
2. Ensure that the members needs + aspirations are achieved – member
satisfaction
Leadership Theories
Theories have been classified according to:
- Traits or the b’ of the leader
- Universal or situational in nature
- Combinations of the theories
***Refer to table on next page***
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Leadership KIN 231
April 3 & 5/18
Universal-Trait
Approach
Universal-Behavioural
Approach
Situational-Trait Approach Situational-Behaviour
Approach
Great Person Theory –
earliest research
Rationale – progress of
mankind is predicated
upon the individual
achievements of “great
individuals”
Underlying assumption
– effective leaders –
specific traits
Some limited sport
evidence
^ extraversion –
^ leader effectiveness
(Judge et al. (2002)
Call for the
examination of “darker
traits”
I.e. narcissism,
hubris
Naveicka et al. (2018)
Peachey et al. (2015)
Specific leader b’ patterns +
member satisfaction +
performance
A. Ohio State Studies
Consideration – recognition
of individual needs.
Initiating Structure –
concern w/task or goal
orientation.
B. UofMichigan
Studies
Employee Orientation –
degree that leader’s b’ are
oriented toward the human
relations aspect of the job
Similar to consideration
Production Orientation –
degree that leaders’ b’ are
oriented towards task
productivity of the job
Similar to initiating
structure
Application of this theory to
sport has been minimal to
date
Fiedler’s (1967) Contingency
Theory of Leadership
Leadership effectiveness
depends upon:
The leader’s style of
interacting w/his/her group
members.
Favourableness of the
group-task situation
Leader style (Tr) measured
by the least preferred co-
worker scale (LPC)
Assesses the esteem which
a leader has for a least
preferred co-worked
LPC – scale 1-8
Unfriendly – Friendly
Uncooperative – Coop.
Hostile – Supportive
Guarded – Open
High – rel’ship
Low – task
Viewed as a stable
personality characteristic (Tr)
Favourableness of group-task
situation is a function of, 1)
Leader-Member Relations –
quality of personal rel’ships
be/n leaders + members, 2)
Task Structure – structure
present in the situation (i.e.
goals, solutions), 3) Power
Position of the Leader –
leader’s control over
rewards/sanctions, degree of
authority over group
members + level of
organizational support
Findings in sport have been
mixed
Normative Model of
Decision-Makin (Vroom
& Yetton, 1973)
Concerned w/…
The degree to which
a leader allows
participation by
subordinates in decision
making
Basic premise – most
appropriate method to
arrive at a decision will
vary depending upon the
nature of the situation
Application of this
theory to sport has been
minimal
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Definition the action of an individual to influence others to work towards set goals. I. e. team captains and assistants: prescribed leaders. Leader is appointed by the organization to lead the group or team. Meat in the sandwich: ensure that the organizations goals are met task success, ensure that the members needs + aspirations are achieved member satisfaction. Traits or the b" of the leader. Rationale progress of mankind is predicated upon the individual achievements of great individuals . The degree to which a leader allows participation by subordinates in decision making. Basic premise most appropriate method to arrive at a decision will vary depending upon the nature of the situation. Application of this theory to sport has been minimal. Specific leader b" patterns + member satisfaction + performance: ohio state studies. Initiating structure concern w/task or goal orientation: uofmichigan. Employee orientation degree that leader"s b" are oriented toward the human relations aspect of the job.
