ANBI 470.3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Adipose Tissue, Lac Operon, Glycerol
20 Jun 2018
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Animal making milk:
• early lactation the cow is making more milk then energy intake, they use deposited fat to provide the
additional energy
• doing this by releasing epinephrine to stimulate this
• GH is producing tons of IGF 1 and interacting with receptors of epithelial cells in the mammary gland
stimulating them to replicate to produce more milk
• in early lactation if you supplement with more GH the cow won't make more epinephrine but the
epinephrine there will be more potent so she will have more NEFAS in the blood
• she will also make more IGF1 which will stimulate more milk production
• later in lactation the cow wants to replace that fat so it can prepare for the next cycle
• animal increases insulting but GH is inhibiting the effect of insulin so she is not putting as much energy
into making fat
• but instead of depositing the extra energy in adipose tissue she is now driving some of it to milk
synthesis
• IGF 1 is stimulating cells to replicate which needs energy as well
GH Potentiates Epinephrine:
-When there is a release fat from adipose tissue (stored as glycerol), you get NEFAs in the blood
-When given epinephrine at time zero, in a cow given BST as well have double the response of
NEFA in the blood
-Baseline levels are different because animals are always making a little epinephrine, basal level
is higher in BST cows because the epinephrine is more potent
GH Antagonizes Insulin:
-Plasma glucose levels maintained in a tight range
-When given insulin in BST animals the decline in glucose is less
oInsulin is telling adipose sites to take up glucose and turn it into fat
oBut the potency in the BST animals are less so they have less of a drop of glucose in
blood
Production of recombinant proteins:
Utilization of molecular techniques to harness synthetic capacity of living cells
Basic gene structure for recombinant protein generation:
-enhancer/promoter
oDNA sequence occurring 5’ to the coding sequence
oPromoter is site of RNA polymerase binding
RNA polymerase is the protein that uses downstream DNA as a template to
generate new sequence of RNA
oEnhancer- regulates promoter utilization
Repressors/ transcription factors
Modifying sites, can either block RNA polymerase binding or make it more
efficient
oDrives gene expression (transcription)
oControls how much, when, and where (in multi-cellular organisms)
Some will work in different cells better, choose promoter that only lets it grow
in on tissue
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
When there is a release fat from adipose tissue (stored as glycerol), you get nefas in the blood. When given epinephrine at time zero, in a cow given bst as well have double the response of. Baseline levels are different because animals are always making a little epinephrine, basal level is higher in bst cows because the epinephrine is more potent. When given insulin in bst animals the decline in glucose is less. Utilization of molecular techniques to harness synthetic capacity of living cells. Basic gene structure for recombinant protein generation: enhancer/promoter: dna sequence occurring 5" to the coding sequence, promoter is site of rna polymerase binding. Rna polymerase is the protein that uses downstream dna as a template to generate new sequence of rna: enhancer- regulates promoter utilization. Modifying sites, can either block rna polymerase binding or make it more efficient: drives gene expression (transcription, controls how much, when, and where (in multi-cellular organisms)
