ANBI 470.3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Plant Cell, Antibody, Proventriculus
20 Jun 2018
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Biotechnology improvement in feeds and forages: GMO Crops
Benefits of genetic modification of plants in animal agriculture
- Improved agronomic traits
oPesticide/herbicide resistance
- Reduced environmental contamination
oPesticide/herbicides
- Expanded ranges
oOpportunity in crop production in areas that could before
oSaline tolerance and cold tolerance
- Improved animal performance
oImproved nutrient profile
oImproved nutrient availability
oRemoval of anti-nutritional factors
- Animal/human health benefits
oExpression of novel health promoting factors
Concerns:
- Gene flow
oTransfer of genes to wild relatives and become uncontrollable
oFeral populations contaminate non-GMO varieties
oGMO crops contaminated non-GMO crops is a concern creating lack of
segregation
oAs methods of detecting GMO contamination are getting better it is now a
question of saying what is considered contamination, can test now for 0.1%
detection of the GMO
- Trade and organic production
oCan be used as a trade barrier if we allow GMO crop in the country then you
cannot promise it wont get into organic producer’s product and ruin its ability to
be organic
- Pesticide and herbicide use
oDecline in use of many of the “nasty” chemical but increase use of some
oThere is more glysophate used but more plants can handle it and seems to be
the one of least concern
- Super weeds
oIf we use more of one chemical tan resistance weeds can happen
- Insect populations
Plants with novel traits (PNTs)
- Plant variety/genotype possessing characteristics that demonstrate neither familiarity
nor substantial equivalence to those present in a distinct, stable population of a
cultivated species of seed in Canada and that have been intentionally selected, created
or introduced into a population of that species through a specific genetic change
- Genetically modified organism
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
oNovel gene introduction by recombinant DNA technology
- Traditional mutagenesis and plant breeding
oChemical
oTransposon
- Gene editing-CRISPR- Cas9
oNew plants by 2020
Improved agronomic traits: weed and pest control
- Round UP ready canola, corn, soybean/liberty link corn
oHerbicide resistant
oReduced herbicide use
- Bt-corn, cotton, potato
oBacterium that has enzyme that digest the bugs from the inside then eat it
oImproved resistance to pests
oReduced pesticide use
- Round UP ready alfalfa
oApproved in Canada along with low lignin varieties
Improving nutrient composition
- High oil corn
oChemical/transposon mutagenesis
oAvailable commercially
- Low lignin alfalfa
oImproving nutrient content when harvest later bloom
oAvailable in eastern Canada
- High lysine corn
oWithdran from approval
oEnzyme from Corynebacterium glutamicum
used to produced crystalline (free) lysine
oGMO corn they inserted the gene enzyme from the bacterium that produces
lysine and stuck it into corn, so this corn now has high concentrations of free
lysine
Reduced anti-nutritional factors
- Low phytate corn and barely
oIncreased phosphate availability
- Phytase enzyme expression in canola
- Reduced fiber in canola
oIncrease from 35 to 45% CP in meal
oMore competitive with soybean meal fiber genes being identified for deletion
- Reduced NSP in wheat
oImproved feeding quality of wheat
oNSP= non-startch polysaceride
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Biotechnology improvement in feeds and forages: gmo crops. Benefits of genetic modification of plants in animal agriculture. Expanded ranges: opportunity in crop production in areas that could before, saline tolerance and cold tolerance. Improved animal performance: improved nutrient profile, improved nutrient availability, removal of anti-nutritional factors. Animal/human health benefits: expression of novel health promoting factors. Trade and organic production: can be used as a trade barrier if we allow gmo crop in the country then you cannot promise it wont get into organic producer"s product and ruin its ability to be organic. Pesticide and herbicide use: decline in use of many of the nasty chemical but increase use of some, there is more glysophate used but more plants can handle it and seems to be the one of least concern. Super weeds: if we use more of one chemical tan resistance weeds can happen. Genetically modified organism: novel gene introduction by recombinant dna technology.
