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ACB 221 Lecture Notes - Homeostasis, Osteoid, Osteoporosis

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School
U of S
Department
Anatomy and Cell Biology
Course
ACB 221
Professor
Keith Russell

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Document Summary

Bones are dynamic organs - growing and continually remodeling throughout life. The specific cells of bone are osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. It has been postulated that osteoblasts are derived from mesenchymal stem cells called osteoprogenitor cells. As new bone is formed, a few of the active osteoblast become trapped in the matrix and eventually become osteocytes: osteocytes are the mature cells of bone. They are found in open spaces in bone called lacunae. The functions of osteocytes include: maintenance of osteoid and probably involve calcium homeostasis: osteoclasts are responsible for the removal of bone (osteoid and minerals).

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Related Questions

Which of the following statements is NOT CORRECT about the hematopoietic niche in the bone marrow? Select one: a. The bone marrow is functional in all the bones of the body early in gestation. b. CXCL12/SDF-1 is a chemokine responsible for homing of blood stem cells to the bone marrow. c. Mobilized (short term) HSCs down-regulate the expression of Angiopoietic-1 d. The osteoblast are the progenitors of the osteoclasts.

1. Which of the following regions of bone would not undergo bone remodeling as frequently as the other regions?

spongy bone
compact bone
bone subjected to new stresses
damaged bone
all of these have similar rates of remodeling

2. Which is the proper sequence of steps in the healing of a fracture (the steps are listed below but are not in the correct sequence of events):
1 osteoblasts form trabecular bone that joins together the fractured ends of the bone and bony callus replaces fibrocartilage callus
2 bone remodeling occurs and compact bone replaces the spongy bone around the periphery of the fracture site
3 fibroblasts and chondrocytes from the periosteum form the fibrocartilage callus
4 a fracture hematoma forms and bone cells in the region of the fracture die
5 phagocytes and osteoclasts begin to remove the dead cells and damaged tissue around the hematoma

explain osteoblast and osteoclast and what their function is regarding calcium homeostasis and how they work relative to one another and which hormones work on which cells