FMLY 2800 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Hostile Work Environment, Restraining Order, Stellar Population
26 Jun 2018
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Courtship Violence and Date Rape
Defining Courtship Violence and Date Rape
Courtship Violence
Involves the perpetration or threat of an act of physical violence by at least
one member of an unmarried dyad on the other within the context of the
dating process
Date (Acquaintance) Rape
Unlawful sexual intercourse accomplished by fear or force with a person
known to victim who is not related by blood or marriage
Essence of Sexual Violence is a Lack of Consent
Section 273.1 of the Criminal Code
Consent is given by someone other than the victim
The victim is incapable of consenting due to intoxication or other condition
(if you always take drugs)(rape drugs)
GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate)
Rohypnol (flunintrazempam)
Consent is induced by abusing a position of trust, power, or authority
(teacher and student relationship, boss and employee relationship)
The victim indicates by word or conduct her/his lack of consent
The victim indicates by word or conduct that she/he has withdrawn
her/his consent
****Criminal Code states that this list is not exhaustive****
Canadian study of 1547 high school students:
1in 5 males students said that forced intercourse was alright if
“he spends money on her”
“if he is stoned or drunk”
“if they had been dating for a long time”
The prevalence of CV and DR
Official report data suggest dating violence is a major problem
Most common offence in dating relationship is common assault (50%)
Sexual assault among girls aged 12-14 years especially problematic
Self-reported survey of courtship violence from US
Female victimization 15.5% to 39%
Male victimization ranges from 2% to 32%
Date rape among college students in US
3.8% of women ages 18-24 years had been raped
Canadian study of high school students (grade 12)
9.2% physically abused in dating relationship
9% sexually abused in dating relationship
A study of Canadian university students based on the CTS
35% of women experienced physical abuse
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45% of women experienced sexual abuse
(Single women [18-24] 24%, single women [25-34] 29%, students 25% are the most
prevalent rate of victims)
Homicides in Canada (being killed by an intimate partner)
30% of all intimate partner homicides occur in the context of a dating
relationship
Women more likely to be murdered by intimate partner than men
Rate of intimate female appears to be declining
Characteristics of persons involved in courtship violence and date rape
A. Age
I. Most studies based on high school or university samples (homogenous)
B. Gender
I. Official report data: assaults by boyfriends/ex-boyfriends more common
(From America data)
II. Self-report surveys based on CTS: males and females equally likely to
perpetrate violence
II.i. Male underreporting
C. Social-economic State
D. Substance Abuse (alcohol and drugs)
E. Level of commitment
I. More likely to occur when relationship has been sustained for a period of
time
II. Possible explanations for why dating relationship continue despite
occurrence of violence:
II.i. Form of conflict resolution
II.ii. Change their violent partner
II.iii. Solidify the attachment
II.iv. Level of commitment is simply a precursor
(YouTube: Dr. Phil ‘if your bf hits you, it’s a sign of love’)
Explaining Courtship Violence and Date Rape
A. Patriarchy
B. Peer-Group support and attitudes (aggressive friends, friends are sexually and
physically violent are more likely to influence the other peers)
I. Beliefs and informational peer support
II. Patriarchal attitudes (did any of your fds tell you how to treat your
girlfriend?)
C. Romanticism
I. Romantic love (strong physical attraction)
II. Idealization (idealization to your partner: irrational your partner’s
weakness or bad side, everything is perfect with love? She/he is the best
person in the world?)
III. Companionate (mature) love: recognize the limitation (realistic
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assessment)
IV. Romanticism (love can concur everything)
D. Male and Female Sex-Role Beliefs
I. Traditional sex role beliefs=/=Patriarchy (boy should be dominated,
women should be stay in home and obey the male partner)
E. Individual traits vs. Relationship issues
I. (Personal factor? Is the context of the relationship has a higher prevalence
of violence?)
F. Social Learning (almost explain every kinds of family violence)
I. Intergenerational Transmission and Dating Violence Victimization:
Evidence from a sample of female university students in Manitoba
(Brownridge, 2006) (consistency finding a violence used in a female has a
higher rate to suffer in dating violence in later life)
Reasons: maybe has self-esteem? Self-fulfilling prophecy?
Intra-parent
G. Four Preconditions Model of Date Rape
I. Factors that enhance motivation to sexually abuse
I.i. Power and control needs
I.ii. Miscommunication about sex
I.iii. Sexual arousal
I.iv. Emotional incongruence
I.v. Imbalance in power differential
II. Factors that reduce internal inhibitions
II.i. Attitudes:
II.i.1. Traditional sex roles
II.i.2. Acceptance of violence
II.i.3. Endorsement of rape myths
II.i.4. Adversarial relationship
II.ii. Prior abusive acts
III. Factors that reduce external inhibitions
III.i. Date location
III.ii. Mode of transportation
III.iii. Date activity
III.iv. Alcohol or substance use
IV. Factors that reduce victim resistance
IV.i. Passivity
IV.ii. Poor self-defense techniques/strategies
IV.iii. History of sexual abuse
IV.iv. Traditional attitudes
IV.v. Poor sexual knowledge
Solutions to CV and DR
Intervention is crucial as patterns can carry over into marriage
Educators and service providers need to emphasize dating violence should not
be tolerated
Help to label behaviors as abusive
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Involves the perpetration or threat of an act of physical violence by at least one member of an unmarried dyad on the other within the context of the dating process. Unlawful sexual intercourse accomplished by fear or force with a person known to victim who is not related by blood or marriage. Essence of sexual violence is a lack of consent. Consent is given by someone other than the victim. The victim is incapable of consenting due to intoxication or other condition (if you always take drugs)(rape drugs) Consent is induced by abusing a position of trust, power, or authority (teacher and student relationship, boss and employee relationship) The victim indicates by word or conduct her/his lack of consent. The victim indicates by word or conduct that she/he has withdrawn her/his consent. ****criminal code states that this list is not exhaustive**** 1in 5 males students said that forced intercourse was alright if.
