BIOL 2500 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Neurodegeneration, Methionine, Edward Tatum

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grayrabbit360

3 Feb 2017

School

University of Manitoba

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BIOL 2500

Professor

Roman Gietz

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Document Summary

Inheritance patterns of single genes and gene interaction. We known that the male is homozygous for ii and is mn therefore the gametes produced would be, im and in. The female is ab and nn therefore the gametes would be an bn. So we will have 1/2 with blood type a and 1/2 of these being mn and the other nn. The other 1/2 will have b 1/2 of these being mn and the other nn. Things that affect phenotypic ratios - lethal alleles. Some single gene mutations are so detrimental that they cause death in the organism. These are caused by lethal mutations, which are inherited as recessive alleles (only the homozygotes die) therefore the 3:1 ratio becomes a 3:0 ratio due to lethality of the recessive homozygote. Lethal alleles are detected as distortions in segregation ratios caused by one or more missing classes of progeny.

Related Questions

1. This question refers to the ABO blood type locus. Rememberthat the A and B alleles are codominant to each other and both aredominant to the O allele. Assume no epistaticinteractions with the H locus.

A man has blood type B. Mark all genotypes below that arepossible for this man.

Select one or more: AA, AB, AO, BB,BO, OO

2.This question refers to the ABO blood type locus. Rememberthat the A and B alleles are codominant to each other and both aredominant to the O allele. Assume no epistaticinteractions with the H locus.

A woman is blood type B. Her child is blood type AB. She wantsto get child support from a man who is blood type A. Can this manbe the father of the woman's child based on these data?

Select one:Yes/No

3. This problem refers to the MN and ABO loci mentioned inclass. It also refers to the Rh locus, which is responsible for thepositive/negative part of the blood type. The Rh+ allele isdominant to the Rh- allele at this locus. Select all couples whocould be the parents of a child with phenotype M, AB- based on thephenotypes at these three loci. If none of these couples could bethe parents of this child, select "None of These".

Select one or more:

Mother Type M, A+ and Father Type N, B-

Mother Type MN, AB- and Father Type M, O-

Mother Type MN, B+ and Father Type N, O+

Mother Type MN, O+ and Father Type MN, A-

None of These

ultramarinecricket586

1. In humans, blood types A and B are codominant to each otherand each is dominant to O. What blood types are possible among theoffspring of a couple of blood types AB and A?

Select one:

a. A and B only

b. A, B, and O only

c. A and AB only

d. A, B, AB, and O

e. A, B, and AB only

2. You are studying body color in an African spider and havefound that it is controlled by a single gene with four alleles: B(brown), br (red), bg (green), and by (yellow). B is dominant toall the other alleles, and by is recessive to all the otheralleles. The bg allele is dominant to by but recessive to br. Youcross a pure-breeding brown spider with a pure-breeding greenspider. Predict the genotype of the progeny.

Select one:

a. B/by

b. Br/bg

c. br/by

d. B/bg

e. by/bg

3. A mother of blood type A gives birth to a child with bloodtype O. Which of the following could NOT be the blood type of thefather? Select one:

a. A

b. Any type is a possible blood type of the father

c. AB

d. B

e. O

4. Crossing two yellow mice results in 2/3 yellow offspring and1/3 nonyellow offspring. What percentage of offspring would youexpect to be nonyellow if you crossed two nonyellow mice? Selectone:

a. 100%

b. 33%

c. 75%

d. 25%

e. 66%

5. Coat color is determined by two loci in large cats. Two pinkpanthers fall in love and produce a large litter of baby pantherswith the following phenotypic ratios: 12/16 pink; 3/16 black; and1/16 whitE. What is the genotype of the pink progeny?

Select one:

a. A_ bb

b. aa bb

c. aa B_

d. A_ B_ and A_ bb

e. A_ B_

champagnefrog405

The A antigen (the protein that makes A blood A blood) is embedded in the red blood cell (RBC) membrane. Blood group A individuals will automatically carry antibodies (proteins that are in the blood plasma-liquid part of blood) that will attack blood group B cells. Blood group B individuals will carry antibodies that will attack blood group A cells. Blood group O individuals, lacking either of the A or B antigens will carry BOTH types of antibodies and will attack either A or B cells. When there is a transfusion with incompatible blood groups, cells can clump creating blockages in arteries throughout the body. Other pathways can lead to the lysing of RBCâs which will release their contents into the bloodstream elevating these component in the blood which can have sever effects on the heart (potassium primarily-in case you are interested).

Remember, the Rh is a typical one gene, two allele scenario. Rh+ blood can accept Rh+ or Rh- blood. A person with Rh- blood can only receive Rh- blood. Unlike ABO where an individual manufactures the antibody to an antigen they lack without prior exposure, the Rh factor requires previous exposure to illicit an immune response. If a Rh- person is exposed to Rh+ blood, the individual will create the antibody against the Rh antigen. Now, if Rh+ blood is introduced into this individual again, the recipientâs blood contains anti-Rh antibodies and will attack the Rh+ cells-Bad news for the recipient. This is the same thing that happens with an Rh- mom who gets pregnant with an Rh+ baby. By the time the first Rh+ baby is born and blood mixing may have occurred during late pregnancy (small breaks in the placenta can cause some of babyâs blood to mix with that of mom), first baby escapes unharmed. Subsequent babies arenât so lucky.

If there are small tears in the placenta (which are normal), momâs anti Rh antibodies can go in and attack the Rh+ babyâs blood. This can kill the baby. Now, Rh- moms are given a substance that will coat the babyâs RBCâ; kind of like putting them into stealth mode so they canât be seen by momâs immune system. Later-poof, out pops unaffected baby.

1. What blood type(s) can be given to an A positive individual?

2. If you have B negative blood, what blood types can you receive?

3. What blood types can an O negative receive? O positive?

4. If a man is blood group B and his wife is blood group A what blood type(s) are you 100% sure they could produce in their children?

5. If you have a blood group O father and a blood group B mother, can they produce an O child? Explain your answer.

6. You have a male friend who is blood group AB. He is successful in business but knows very little about biology. His wife just had an O child. Knowing that you have been studying the genetics of blood groups, he asks you for an education on blood groups. What do you think about this situation?

7. A woman is AB and her husband is A. They have a B child. What are all the blood groups possible in their children if he is heterozygous?

8. A woman is Rh- and her husband is Rh+. Their first baby is Rh-. What is the genotype, with respect to Rh, of the parents? What is the probability their next child will be Rh+? Does the woman have to worry about any issues with future children? Explain!

BIOL 2500 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Neurodegeneration, Methionine, Edward Tatum

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