BIOL 1412 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Cardiac Muscle, Hypothalamus, Ejaculation

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lavendersea-lion563

17 Oct 2014

School

University of Manitoba

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BIOL 1412

Professor

Messing

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Document Summary

Cns: smooth and cardiac muscle, glands: sympathetic ns. Postganglionic neuron adrenergic ( ne) or chlorinergic ( ach) Ne is broken down by mao ( monoamine oxidase: in synaptic end bulbs of the presynaptic neurons, parasympathetic ns. Ach is broken down by acetylcholesterase ( ache) on postsynaptic membrane of the postsynaptic neuron or e. Most organs innervated by the ans have both parasympathetic and sympathetic ns. The effects are usually opposite: hr sns excites psns- inhibits ( slows, motility of the gi tract sns- inhibits psns- excites. Ans regulates internal processes continually and automatically. Gi tract blood vessels glands sweat digestion genitals. Sns dilate increase hr, force of contraction decrease motility vasoconstriction. * no innervation except penis and clitoris increase secretion ( cold sweat) * no innervation decrease secretion ( except salivary) increase secretion ejaculation ( males) erection, lubrication - both genders. Note: hypothalamus does not need cerebrum input for its ans functions, but emotions can cause autonomic effects.

Related Questions

a) Which of the following statements about the autonomic nervous system is INCORRECT?

A The preganglionic fibres in the parasympathetic division are usually long compared to the postganglionic fibres

B The sympathetic division mediates responses that allow the body to respond to âflight and frightâ situations

C The ganglia of the sympathetic division are usually close to the spinal cord

b) Glutamate is an example of an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter that acts via direct synaptic transmission when it is released from presynaptic neurons in the brain

Based on the background information, which of the following is a CORRECT statement regarding events at the synaptic cleft after glutamate is released?

A Glutamate acts by stimulation of receptors on the presynaptic neuron

B The postsynaptic glutamate receptors are in the family of tyrosine-kinase linked receptors

C On the postsynaptic membrane, glutamate activates ligand-gated sodium channels, which are an example of ion-channel linked receptors

D The events at this synapse are an example of electrical transmission

E The pathway of receptor activation includes activation of a signal transduction pathway and production of second messengers

D The adrenal medulla is a sympathetic ganglion

E The parasympathetic nerves arise from the brain stem and the sacral region of the spinal cord

fuchsiafish404

Animal Physiology-

1. Our case study included a variety of reflexes, some of which were autonomic reflexes. This means that motoroutput occurred at the level of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, or secretory epithelial cells. Autonomic reflexescan be categorized according to the location where motor information exits the CNS. Consequently, thepupillary light reflex is a: (a) parasympathetic reflex (b) sympathetic reflex

11. Each retina contains a layer of ganglion cells. Axons from these neurons project into two regions on eachside of the body midline. Axons that enable vision project into the: (a) mibrain (b) thalamus (c) sensory cortex

13. Where does central integration occur for reflex turning of the head and the pupillary light reflex? (a) sensory cortex (b) midbrain (c) brainstem

16. Is every reflex associated with the head an autonomic reflex? yes or no

17. Is reflex turning of the head an autonomic reflex? yes or no

20. Sympathetic motor output exits the CNS only at the level of the: (a) brainstem and pelvic cord (b) thoracolumbar spinal cord (c) brainstem and cervical spinal cord

22. How many types of motor nuclei are found within the cord? (a) two, i.e. motor and autonomic (b) three, i.e. motor, sympathetic, and parasympathetic

23. How many motor nuclei are found at the level of the thoracolumbar cord? (a) four (b) two

31. Neurons within the intermediolateral nuclei are innervated by axons that project through the bulbospinalfiber tracts. These tracts originate within the: (a) motor cortex (b) midbrain (c) brainstem

33. Are the left and right paravertebral ganglion chains found along the length of the spinal cord? yes or no

magentatrout753

QUESTION 1

A somatic reflex is an involuntary response involving skeletal muscle that you may be aware of, and a visceral reflex is an involuntary response involving the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic/parasympathetic) that you are not generally not aware of.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 2

List the components of a reflex arc in the proper order?

receptor, efferent fiber, integration center, afferent fiber and effector
receptor, efferent fiber, afferent fiber, integration center, effector
effector, efferent fiber, integration center, afferent fiber, receptor
receptor, afferent fiber, integration center, efferent fiber, effector

1 points

QUESTION 3

What receptors located in the retina of the eye respond to light rays?

mechanoreceptors
chemoreceptors
osmoreceptors
none of the above

1 points

QUESTION 4

In the reflex arc, what is the function of the afferent fiber?

to carry the signal from the integration center out to the effector, so the effector can respond appropriately
to carry the signal from the receptor to the integration center for processing
it detects change
none of the above

1 points

QUESTION 5

If the musculocutaneous nerve innervating the biceps brachii is a mixed nerve, what does that mean?

it carries both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers
it carries signals to both the brain and spinal cord
it carries both afferent and efferent signals
none of the above

BIOL 1412 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Cardiac Muscle, Hypothalamus, Ejaculation

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