ANAT 7390 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Sella Turcica, Anterior Pituitary, Sphenoid Bone
17 Jun 2018
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TOPIC XVIII: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
A) Endocrine System Overview:
- ductless glands and endocrine tissues within other organs
- secrete chemicals = hormones into blood
- transported via circulation and act on target cells
- target cell = cell with receptor specific for that hormone
B) Hormone Classes
1. Steroids
- synthesized from cholesterol (lipid soluble)
- e.g. testosterone, estrogen, vitamin D
2. Hormones derived from amino acids:
- e.g. derived from tyrosine
a) thyroxine /T4
- a thyroid hormone
- lipid soluble
- controls cellular metabolism, growth, development
b) epinephrine + norepinephrine (catecholamines)
- adrenal medulla hormones
- water soluble
- short term stress - part of fight-or-flight response
3. Peptides and Proteins Hormones
- chains of amino acids held together by peptide bonds
- water soluble
- e.g. oxytocin, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), growth hormone (GH), insulin
C) Endocrine Glands
- glands with no other function
1) Pituitary gland
- suspended from hypothalamus
- lies in sella turcica of sphenoid bone
- 2 lobes:
a) Anterior Pituitary
- epithelial tissue
- anterior pituitary hormone secretion regulated by
hormones released from the hypothalamus
- metabolism hormones:
i) Growth Hormone – promotes growth +
Document Summary
Topic xviii: endocrine system: endocrine system overview: Ductless glands and endocrine tissues within other organs. Transported via circulation and act on target cells. Target cell = cell with receptor specific for that hormone: hormone classes, steroids. E. g. testosterone, estrogen, vitamin d: hormones derived from amino acids: Controls cellular metabolism, growth, development: thyroxine /t4, epinephrine + norepinephrine (catecholamines) Short term stress - part of fight-or-flight response: peptides and proteins hormones. Chains of amino acids held together by peptide bonds. E. g. oxytocin, antidiuretic hormone (adh), growth hormone (gh), insulin: endocrine glands. Glands with no other function: pituitary gland. Lies in sella turcica of sphenoid bone. Anterior pituitary hormone secretion regulated by hormones released from the hypothalamus. Metabolism hormones: growth hormone promotes growth + Stimulates activity of thyroid gland: adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) Stimulates secretion of adrenal steroids (adrenal cortex) Reproductive hormones: luteinizing hormone (lh, follicle stimulating hormone (fsh, prolactin (prl) Hormones produced in hypothalamus, stored and secreted from post pituitary: oxytocin.
