ZOO 2090 Lecture Notes - Spermatocyte, Immature Ovum, Spermatid

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ochreherring44

23 Mar 2012

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Morphogenesis: growth and organization of biological form, cells from different layers interact to form tissues and organs. Knockout mice: mice in which expression of one gene is repressed, providing models of human disorders. Fertilization: fusion of two haploid gametes (sperm and egg), triggers dna and protein synthesis and metabolic rate. Blastula: hollow sphere of cells (called blastomeres) produced during development of embryo by repeated cleavage of egg. No change in size: cells become smaller as cytoplasm is divided into cells. Blastocoel is a fluid filled cavity within the blastula. Gastrulation: beginning of differentiation, migration of cells. Blastopore: located at the vegetal pole, future anus (mouth is at animal pole). Larve: free living, immature form of an animal which transforms into the adult via metamorphosis. Metamorphosis: occurs in amphibians insects and marine invertebrate groups: transition between larval and adult. Germ cells: give rise to gametes (through the process of gametogenesis) Somatic cells: give rise to other structures of the body.

Related Questions

An organism with extensive yolk, such as the chick,

A) has incompletecleavage. D)forms a blastoderm but no blastocoel.

B) has yolk evenly distributed in the egg. E) has completecleavage.

C) fails to synthesize DNA duringcleavage.

Invagination

A) occurs in sea urchins.

B) forms the archenteron in echinoderms.

C) creates unique positions for new cell interactions.

D) requires unique cell movement.

E) All of the above

When the blastopore dorsal lip is grafted from one frog embryoonto a second embryo, the second dorsal lip will

A) change the developmental fate of the surrounding cells.

B) change the polarity of the adjacent segments.

C) cause rapid cell division.

D) block gastrulation.

E) change the prospective potency of the surrounding cells.

Gastrulation in birds differs in many ways from gastrulation infrogs. The main feature that both have in common is that

A) the neural tube forms.

B) somites are created.

C) cells from the surface of the blastocyst migrate to form thegut.

D) three germ layers are established.

E) All of the above

In humans, the secondary oocyte forms:

at ovulation.
during telophase I.
after fertilization.
at birth.
all of the above.

In Ascaris:

The secondary oocyte is fertilized.
Two polar bodies are visible when the secondary oocyte is inprophase II.
Both a haploid and a diploid nucleus are present in a primaryoocyte during early prophase I.
Cell plates are formed during both anaphase I and anaphaseII.
No correct answer is given.

A gastrula is:

a. an embryo that is younger than a blastula.

b. a stage in development that has three tissue layers.

c. a type of egg that has yolk concentrated at one end of thecell.

d. an opening in the center of an early embryo.

e. something else

A human cell containing 22 autosomes and one Y chromosome isa

a. somatic cell of amale b. zygote

c. somatic cell of afemale d. a sperm e. an ovum

The spermatogonium is ________ , and the primary spermatocyteis __________ .

a. diploid,haploid b. haploid, diploid

c. haploid,haploid d. diploid,diploid e. triploid, diploid

The first cavity formed in the rapidly dividing starfish embryois the:

a. Blastoderm. b. Archenteron.

c. Neural groove. d. Blastocoel. e. Trophoblast.

purplegnat545

pleas pleas do all parts

1-Are both the egg and zygote of a sea star the same size?

2-Do the cells of a two-cell sea star embryo differ in size?

3-Does the sea star embryo appear to be growing during cleavage?

4-What structures will the archenteron develop into?

5-What obvious visual change occurs in a frog egg upon fertilization?

6-How is the orientation of the blastocoel in an amphibian blastula different than that of a sea star?

7-What structures will form from the neural fold of the frog embryo?

8-In a chick embryo at gastrulation, what does the primitive streak indicate?

9-What are the segmented units that are visible along the dorsal axis of the 33 hour chick embryo?

10-The basic stages of development are quite similar for a wide range of organisms. How would you explain such consistency?

turquoisecaribou231

1â¢ T/F: many (species) embryos show anatomical asymmetry immediately at fertilization â¢

T/F: many (species) embryos show genetic or sub-cellular asymmetry immediately at fertilization â¢

T/F: In some instances, mRNAs and proteins already have polarized distributions before fertilization occurred, meaning some aspects of embryonic polarity is maternally determined

2. The mid-blastula transition describes the point of development where: (could be multiple correct responses) a. Zygotic gene transcription initiates b. Zygotic gene transcription terminates c. Maternal gene transcription initiates d. Maternal gene transcription terminates â¢

Which axis is specified by fertilization and cortical rotation in the frog embryo? a. A-P b. D-V â¢

In Xenopus development the mesoderm derives from the: a. Vegetal pole cells b. Marginal zone cells c. Animal cap cells â¢

Liver, lungs, and pancreas are derived from a. endoderm b. ectoderm c. mesoderm

2-4 Explain the earliest mechanisms specifying each germ layer â¢ XNR/Nodals are _____________ factors acting as morphogens to specify mesoderm. a. Secreted b. Intracellular

ceruleanhyena995

ZOO 2090 Lecture Notes - Spermatocyte, Immature Ovum, Spermatid

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