ZOO 2090 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Intercostal Muscle, Iliocostalis, Vertebra
15 Oct 2016
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Document Summary
Muscle: a collection of modified cells that can generate force along the axis of their fibers. Contractile force can be used to produce movement or restrain movement in order to do that, muscle cells are electrically excitable responsive to nervous stimulation. Muscles can also generate heat through shivering some muscles are modified to generate electric shocks (e. g. electric eel) or electric fields (e. g. electrosensory fishes) upon stimulation classification: By method of nervous control (voluntary or involuntary) By microscopic appearance (skeletal, cardiac, or smooth) skeletal muscle (associated with the skeleton) cardiac (muscle of the heart wall) smooth (muscles of blood vessels and many visceral organs) Differentiation into segmented somites (epimere), hypomere, and mesenchyme somites are divided further into dermatome (skin), myotome (muscle), and sclerotome (vertebral column) somitomeres: anterior mesoderm clusters do not become fully segmented. Muscle homology is often established based on nerve innervation fate of mesoderm divisions somitomeres: cranial muscles. Myotome division of somites: most postcranial and some cranial muscles.
