POLS 2100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Arabian Peninsula, United States House Committee On Oversight And Government Reform, Persian Gulf
18 Oct 2016
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POLS 2100 – Week 5
Perspectives on Money, Markets and Music
Democracy is paired with capitalism, or market economies
Markets are remarkably tolerant of public descent, which is a consequence of the distinctly non-
political nature of markets
In capitalist states, entrepreneurs want to make money in the market
Capitalism was tolerant of music in the post-war era. Even record companies that were part of the
establishment were tolerant of artists that publicly criticized the system, because all they care about
was money
If this is true, hat should Puss Riot do to sta out of Vladiir Puti’s jail ell?
What do e ea o-deorati rule?
1) Personal and monarchical rule
2) Military rule
3) One-party rule
4) Theocratic rule
5) Illiberal/Hybrid Regimes
- Most people and most countries are under some kind of on-democratic political system
How do nondemocratic rulers justify themselves?
1) The absence of a political bargain
Taxes in return for representation, social services etc.
Frotier states ho do’t eed to ta do’t eed to e aoutale to their itizes
2) Non-democratic rule as a cultural (or religious?) expression
Democracy can be seen as a set of cultural values
Other cultures may value obedience to authority and order
Theocratic Regimes such as Post-1979 Iran and Taliban Afghanistan until 2001
Malasia’s Prie Miister Mahathir Mohaad argued for so alled Asia alues hih
were said to emphasize hierarchy and obedience to authority
3) Ethnic Divisions Require a Strong Neutral Hand
African borders were created by colonial powers, meaning that many countries are very
ethnically diverse
Kea’s presidet Daiel Arap Moi argued, Deora as a luur that Afria ould ot
afford
Military rulers justify their rule by claiming to be above ethnic politics
I happe to e oe of those people ho do ot eliee i ultipart deora… I fat, I
a totall opposed to it as far as Afria is oered toda… – Ugandan President Yoweri
Museveni
Parties often form along regional and ethnic lines
4) Economic Liberalization as a destabilizing process
Any society that is going through change of some sort is bound to experience upheaval
which in turn requires strong institutions – Samuel P. Huntington
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Stability needed during:
Early years of independence
In transitions to market economies
In development more generally
It may be acceptable to restrict political rights in order to create an environment for
development
Democratization is a world-wide trend which has been in place since the early 1990s.
Democracy is a self-evidently superior form of government
If you are going to liberalize your economy and make a transition to democratic rule, which
should you do first? Liberalize your economy first to establish a middle class which is
essentially necessary in order to make the transition to democratic rule. If you democratize
first, you have unhappy people are no rich and who can vote, and who will protest in the
streets
How do nondemocratic rulers stay in power?
1) Fear and Coercion
Powerful means by which states can get the people to do what they want them to do
If everyone is in fear or the state, they may be less likely to kill each other
We see fear a lot today (Regime of Al-Assad in Syria) – If you challenge the state, this is what
could happen to you
2) Cult of Personality
)aire/Cogo’s forer Presidet Moutu “ese “eko
O’Neil 1 – with or without violence. The people see this leader as indispensable to their
well-being. It can be someone else, must be this leader
Create father-like image, only the know how to steer the country in the right direction
3) Patronage and Clientelism/Corporatism
Cults of personality can be built on top of Patronage or Clientelism
Regimes survive by establishing a system of patron – client relations. A system of exchange,
where the patron provides patronage (ex: protection) to clients below him who will in turn
support him
Patrons have resources at their disposal to distribute
Clients can be patrons for other clients that are below them, thus making it a system
Patronage rewards loyalty
If you remove the big man (main patron) it will collapse the entire system
Do nondemocratic rulers deliver?
- Is it possile that deora is’t suitale for ertai outries?
- Authoritarian governments weather the storm better in liberalizing a country and can even be
agents of development
- Authoritarianism can be a source of change, or allow change to occur
- States can be prosperous net non-democratic, and democratic yet relatively poor
- We eed to reogize that suess for deelopig outries is aout ore tha eletios –
Stephen Ratner
- Only a strong state has the capacity to facilitate change
1) Stability?
2) Development?
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Democracy is paired with capitalism, or market economies. Markets are remarkably tolerant of public descent, which is a consequence of the distinctly non- political nature of markets. In capitalist states, entrepreneurs want to make money in the market. Capitalism was tolerant of music in the post-war era. Even record companies that were part of the establishment were tolerant of artists that publicly criticized the system, because all they care about was money. What do (cid:449)e (cid:373)ea(cid:374) (cid:271)(cid:455) (cid:862)(cid:374)o(cid:374)-de(cid:373)o(cid:272)rati(cid:272) rule(cid:863): personal and monarchical rule, military rule, one-party rule, theocratic rule, illiberal/hybrid regimes. Most people and most countries are under some kind of on-democratic political system. How do nondemocratic rulers justify themselves: the absence of a political bargain. Taxes in return for representation, social services etc. Fro(cid:374)tier states (cid:894)(cid:449)ho do(cid:374)"t (cid:374)eed to ta(cid:454)(cid:895) do(cid:374)"t (cid:374)eed to (cid:271)e a(cid:272)(cid:272)ou(cid:374)ta(cid:271)le to their (cid:272)itize(cid:374)s: non-democratic rule as a cultural (or religious?) expression. Democracy can be seen as a set of cultural values.
