NUTR 3210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Reactive Oxygen Species, Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione Peroxidase
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Damage results when oxidants pull electrons from molecules like proteins, lipids and dna cellular damage: antioxidant molecules: are those that oppose the oxidizing action of oxidants (**free radicals) by acting as reducing agents (electron donor) Antioxidant enzymes (endogenous defense) = superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase. Antioxidants (from the diet) = vitamin e, vitamin c. As a result the antioxidant donating an electron to the free radical, free radical preventing tissue damage. Types of reactive oxygen species (ros: most reactions of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism take place in the mitochondria (including the electron transport chain, etc) Eg: in synthesis of t3/t4, sod requires the minerals copper and zinc as cofactors: the enzymes glutathione peroxidase (gpx) converts h2o2 to h2o, gpx requires the mineral selenium, it also stops the production of free radicals in lipids. H2o2 can also form oh- with free e: they turn lipids and etc into free radicals, membranes are very sensitive to free radicals.
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