NUTR 3090 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Atherosclerosis, Volume Overload, Bradycardia
4 Jul 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Circulatory System
Heart (pump)
Regulates blood flow to tissues
Helps maintains body temperature
Distributes oxygen/nutrients/hormones throughout the body
Cardiac cycle
Systole = contraction
Diastole = relaxation
Vascular System
Coronary
Coronary arteries branch off from aorta, well-oxygenated
Heart receives most of blood in diastole
Cerebral
Blood supply to brain about 15% of circulation
Splanchnic
Portal vein – gut, liver, spleen, pancreas
Particularly important for nutrition
Blood Vessels
Structure
Intima, media, adventitia
Vasa vasorum
Classification
Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins
Arterial Pressure
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Mean arterial pressure (MAP)
= Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR)
TPR varies as 1/r4
Where r = radius of blood vessel
As radius decreases, resistance to flow increases
CO = Stroke volume (SV) x heart rate (HR)
e.g. CO = 70 mL/beat x 72 beats/mi
n = 5040mL/min = 5.04L/min
Total blood volume = varies in adults 5.5-7.5 L
Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD)
Broad term referring to disease of the cardiovascular system (anywhere)
Major Problems
Constriction (temporary tightening) of arterial walls – spasms
Blockage
Arteriosclerosis
General term for thickening & hardening of arteries
Atherosclerosis
Disease of tunica intima of large and medium sized arteries with plaque
build-up and clot as final event
Leaks
Aneurysm - Weak or thin spots in arteries
Valves misshapen or functioning poorly
Contractile rhythm disrupted – pacemakers
Key areas for occlusion or leakage
Coronary (heart attack or myocardial infarction)
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Document Summary
Blood supply to brain about 15% of circulation. = cardiac output (co) x total peripheral resistance (tpr) Where r = radius of blood vessel. As radius decreases, resistance to flow increases. Co = stroke volume (sv) x heart rate (hr) E. g. co = 70 ml/beat x 72 beats/mi. Total blood volume = varies in adults 5. 5-7. 5 l. Broad term referring to disease of the cardiovascular system (anywhere) Constriction (temporary tightening) of arterial walls spasms. General term for thickening & hardening of arteries. Disease of tunica intima of large and medium sized arteries with plaque build-up and clot as final event. Aneurysm - weak or thin spots in arteries. Mainly narrowing or occlusion of arteries of coronary circulation; spasm of smooth muscle. Most common form of cvd in those > 40 years old. Other names: cad (coronary artery disease), ihd (ischemic heart disease), coronary occlusion, atherosclerotic hd, coronary thrombosis. Severe ischemia leads to necrosis-irreversible scar tissue of the heart muscle.
