NUTR 3070 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Proteinogenic Amino Acid, Selenocysteine, Dietary Fiber
22 Jan 2020
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Macronutrients so far: carbohydrates (cho, energy source, no specific essential cho per se. Protein: source of energy (if needed, substrate for glucose synthesis, provides amino acids (aas) for protein synthesis. In humans, there are 21 proteinogenic aas (includes selenocysteine) Proteinogenic aa an aa that can be incorporated into a protein during translation: all but selenocysteine are part of the standard genetic code, non-proteinogenic aas can also exist (ex. Gaba) but these are not used to make proteins: 9 essential amino acids for humans. Protein distribution is not homogenous and is unequally distributed throughout tissues. Amino acid building block of proteins; can be considered a monomer. Aa enantiomers: d vs. l enantiomers, all standard aa exist as enantiomers, except glycine, l form of aa are naturally occurring, d form can be made by post-translational modifications. Zwitterions: at physiological ph, aas are ionized, protonated amino group, deprotonated carboxyl group, no overall charge (expect r group)
