MCB 2050 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: S Phase, Macrophage, Cyclin E
12 Feb 2017
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Document Summary
Cancers arise when critical genes are mutated. Mutations cause unregulated cell proliferation and impaired cell death. Demonstrates uncontrolled cell division in the top half of the diagram. Mutations occur due to environemntal factors (diet, sun, pollutants) Some cancer promoting mutations can be inherited: retinoblastoma (rb) regulates cell cycle progression, li-fraumeni syndrome (p53) controls cell cycle and apoptosis, bloom syndrome repair double strand breaks, xeroderma pigmentosum nucleotide excision repair, ataxia-telangiectasia monitor dna damage. Tumor cells that detach from a primary tumor and spread to other tissues are malignant (metasasis: process of tumor cell migration from one organ/tissue and establishment of new tumors in other organs/tissues. Most tumors originate from epithelial tissues (high levels of proliferation) Characteristics of cancer cells: unregulated cell division and impaired cell death. 2. loss of contact inhibition of growth and acquire anchorage-independent growth immortal: unlimited passage number in culture (maintain telomere length)
